老旧三星Chromebook升级Ubuntu系统的新手求助

Hey there! Totally get how overwhelming this can feel when you're new to this—let's break this down step by step, no confusing jargon allowed. 😊

First off, let's make sure we get the basics right, since your 12-year-old Samsung Chromebook might have some specific quirks:

1. Confirm your Chromebook's exact model #

This is super important because older Chromebooks (especially Samsung ones from 2012) might be either ARM or x86 architecture, and the setup varies a bit. To find your model:

• Turn on your Chromebook, click the time icon in the bottom-right corner
• Select Settings, scroll all the way down to About Chrome OS
• You'll see the full model number (like Samsung Chromebook XE303C12) noted there. Jot this down—it'll help if you need to troubleshoot later.

2. Unlock the Bootloader (critical step!) #

ChromeOS locks down the boot process by default, so we need to unlock it first. This will wipe all data on your Chromebook, so back up any important files to a USB drive or cloud storage first!

• Turn off your Chromebook completely
• Hold down Esc + Refresh (the circular arrow key) + Power button at the same time
• When you see the yellow exclamation mark screen, press Ctrl + D
• Follow the on-screen prompts to enable Developer Mode. From now on, every time you boot up, you'll see a warning screen—just press Ctrl + D to skip it
• Once you're in ChromeOS Developer Mode, press Ctrl + Alt + T to open the terminal
• Type shell and hit Enter to access the Linux shell
• If you haven't set a root password yet, type sudo passwd root, enter a simple password (you'll need this later), and confirm it
• Now run this command to unlock boot permissions:

  sudo crossystem dev_boot_usb=1 dev_boot_signed_only=0
  

• This tells your Chromebook it's okay to boot from USB drives and run unofficial operating systems like Ubuntu.

3. Make a bootable Ubuntu USB drive #

Since your Chromebook is old and low-powered, skip the full Ubuntu desktop—go with Xubuntu or Lubuntu instead. They're lighter and will run way smoother on older hardware.

• On another working computer, download the correct Xubuntu/Lubuntu image:
  • If your Chromebook is ARM architecture (most 2012 Samsung models are), grab the ARM64 or ARMhf version
  • If it's x86, download the 32-bit or 64-bit version (check your model specs if you're unsure—32-bit is safer for super old machines)
• Download the Rufus tool (free, no installation needed) on that same computer
• Plug in a USB drive (8GB or larger—this will erase all data on it, so back up first!)
• Open Rufus, select your USB drive, choose the Xubuntu/Lubuntu image you downloaded, then click Start. Wait for it to finish making the bootable drive.

4. Install Ubuntu on your Chromebook #

Now it's time to replace ChromeOS with Ubuntu:

• Plug the bootable USB drive into your Chromebook, then turn it on
• As soon as you see the boot warning screen, press Ctrl + U to boot from the USB drive
• Wait a minute or two for the Xubuntu/Lubuntu live environment to load (it might be slow on old hardware—be patient!)
• Once you're in the live desktop, click the Install Xubuntu (or Lubuntu) icon on the desktop
• Follow the on-screen prompts: pick your language, keyboard layout, and connect to Wi-Fi if you can
• When you get to the Installation Type screen, select Erase disk and install Ubuntu (this will fully replace ChromeOS, which is what you want since you don't need dual boot)
• Confirm the disk selection, then click Install Now
• Follow the rest of the prompts (set up your username, password, time zone) and wait for the installation to finish
• When it's done, click Restart Now, and make sure to pull out the USB drive when prompted

5. Post-install tweaks for better performance #

Since your machine is 12 years old, a few small tweaks will make it run way better:

• Open the terminal and run these commands to remove unused packages and free up space:

  sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt clean
  

• Turn off visual effects: In Xubuntu, go to Settings > Window Manager Tweaks > Compositor and uncheck all animation options
• Use lightweight apps: Stick with Firefox ESR instead of Chrome, and use LibreOffice Light if you need office tools
• Disable startup apps you don't need: Go to Settings > Session and Startup > Application Autostart and uncheck anything you don't use daily

If you run into any snags (like the USB not booting, or a black screen), just note down what's happening and your Chromebook model, and you can ask for more help—we've all been there!

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者user8447254