需求：基于XML与XSLT生成带页眉页脚、表格分页的PDF文件

Great question! Generating a PDF from XML with fixed-row tables, persistent headers/footers, and clean pagination is totally achievable with XSL-FO (Extensible Stylesheet Language Formatting Objects)—it’s the go-to toolchain for XML-to-PDF tasks that require precise layout control. Let’s walk through a complete solution that matches your exact requirements:

Step 1: Prepare Your XML Data #

First, let’s assume your source XML looks something like this (adjust the structure to match your actual data):

<data>
  <table-row>
    <col1>Row 1 Col 1</col1>
    <col2>Row 1 Col 2</col2>
  </table-row>
  <table-row>
    <col1>Row 2 Col 1</col1>
    <col2>Row 2 Col 2</col2>
  </table-row>
  <table-row>
    <col1>Row 3 Col 1</col1>
    <col2>Row 3 Col 2</col2>
  </table-row>
  <table-row>
    <col1>Row 4 Col 1</col1>
    <col2>Row 4 Col 2</col2>
  </table-row>
  <table-row>
    <col1>Row 5 Col 1</col1>
    <col2>Row 5 Col 2</col2>
  </table-row>
</data>

Step 2: Write the XSL-FO Stylesheet #

This is the core of the solution. The XSL-FO stylesheet will define your page layout (headers/footers), group your XML rows into fixed batches (2 per page), and render each batch into a table on its own page.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="2.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" xmlns:fo="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Format">
  <xsl:output method="xml" indent="yes"/>

  <!-- Main template that triggers the PDF generation -->
  <xsl:template match="/">
    <fo:root>
      <!-- Define the page structure: size, margins, header/footer regions -->
      <fo:layout-master-set>
        <fo:simple-page-master master-name="pdf-page" page-width="8.5in" page-height="11in" margin="1in">
          <fo:region-before extent="0.75in" margin-bottom="0.25in"/> <!-- Header area -->
          <fo:region-body margin-top="1in" margin-bottom="1in"/> <!-- Main content area -->
          <fo:region-after extent="0.75in" margin-top="0.25in"/> <!-- Footer area -->
        </fo:simple-page-master>
      </fo:layout-master-set>

      <!-- Group XML rows into batches of 2 (adjust the number for different row counts per page) -->
      <xsl:for-each-group select="/data/table-row" group-by="(position() - 1) idiv 2">
        <fo:page-sequence master-reference="pdf-page">
          <!-- Persistent header content -->
          <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-before">
            <fo:block font-size="12pt" font-weight="bold" text-align="center">
              *Your Custom Header Text*
            </fo:block>
          </fo:static-content>

          <!-- Persistent footer content with page numbers -->
          <fo:static-content flow-name="xsl-region-after">
            <fo:block font-size="10pt" text-align="center">
              Page <fo:page-number/> of <fo:page-number-citation ref-id="last-page"/>
            </fo:block>
          </fo:static-content>

          <!-- Main page content: table with the current batch of rows -->
          <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">
            <fo:table table-layout="fixed" width="100%" border="1pt solid black">
              <!-- Optional table header (remove if you don't need it) -->
              <fo:table-header>
                <fo:table-row>
                  <fo:table-cell padding="5pt" font-weight="bold">
                    <fo:block>Column 1</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                  <fo:table-cell padding="5pt" font-weight="bold">
                    <fo:block>Column 2</fo:block>
                  </fo:table-cell>
                </fo:table-row>
              </fo:table-header>

              <!-- Table body with the 2 rows for this page -->
              <fo:table-body>
                <xsl:for-each select="current-group()">
                  <fo:table-row>
                    <fo:table-cell padding="5pt">
                      <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="col1"/></fo:block>
                    </fo:table-cell>
                    <fo:table-cell padding="5pt">
                      <fo:block><xsl:value-of select="col2"/></fo:block>
                    </fo:table-cell>
                  </fo:table-row>
                </xsl:for-each>
              </fo:table-body>
            </fo:table>
          </fo:flow>
        </fo:page-sequence>
      </xsl:for-each-group>

      <!-- Hidden page to calculate total page count -->
      <fo:page-sequence master-reference="pdf-page" id="last-page">
        <fo:flow flow-name="xsl-region-body">
          <fo:block/>
        </fo:flow>
      </fo:page-sequence>
    </fo:root>
  </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>

Step 3: Generate the PDF #

Use an XSL-FO processor to convert your XML and stylesheet into a PDF. Apache FOP is a free, open-source option that works perfectly. Here’s how to use it via the command line:

fop -xml your-input.xml -xsl your-style.xsl -pdf your-output.pdf

Key Customization Tips #

• Adjust rows per page: Change the 2 in (position() - 1) idiv 2 to any number (e.g., 5 for 5 rows per page).
• Customize headers/footers: Modify the fo:block inside fo:static-content to change text, font styles, alignment, or add logos.
• Match your XML structure: Update the node selectors (like col1/col2) to match the actual element names in your XML.
• Styling the table: Tweak the border, padding, or font properties in the fo:table and fo:table-cell elements to match your desired look.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Karthikeyan