如何在Drupal View中添加自定义字段并创建布局与子菜单字段？

Hey there! Since you're just getting started with Drupal and diving into Views customizations, let's break down your questions with practical, actionable steps:

There are two main approaches here—using the Drupal UI (no code needed) or building a custom module for more control:

Using the Drupal UI #

• Navigate to your View's edit page (/admin/structure/views/view/[your-view-name]/edit)
• In the "Fields" section, click the Add button
• Use the search bar to find existing fields (like Image, Node Title, etc.) or look for any custom field types you've already created
• Once you select a field, configure its settings (label, formatter, visibility) and click Apply
• Rearrange the field order in the Fields list to control their display in the View

Using a Custom Module (For Fully Custom Fields) #

If you need a field that doesn't exist out of the box, you'll need to build a custom module. Here's a quick skeleton to get you started:

First, define your field type in your module's .module file:

/**
 * Implements hook_field_info().
 */
function my_custom_module_field_info() {
  return [
    'my_custom_image_field' => [
      'label' => t('Custom Image Field'),
      'description' => t('A custom field for displaying images in Views.'),
      'default_widget' => 'my_custom_image_widget',
      'default_formatter' => 'my_custom_image_formatter',
      'entity_types' => ['node'], // Adjust to your target entity type
    ],
  ];
}

Next, implement the formatter to render the image in Views:

/**
 * Implements hook_field_formatter_view().
 */
function my_custom_module_field_formatter_view($entity_type, $entity, $field, $instance, $langcode, $items, $display) {
  $element = [];
  foreach ($items as $delta => $item) {
    // Load the image file and render it
    $file = file_load($item['fid']);
    if ($file) {
      $element[$delta] = [
        '#theme' => 'image_style',
        '#style_name' => 'medium', // Use your desired image style
        '#path' => $file->uri,
        '#alt' => $entity->title->value,
      ];
    }
  }
  return $element;
}

After enabling your module, you'll see this field type available when adding fields to your View.

Building on the custom module approach above, here are key steps tailored to image display in blocks:

• When defining your field, make sure to set the correct entity_types (e.g., node, media) that you'll be using in your View block
• In the formatter, use Drupal's built-in image theme functions (like image_style or image) to ensure responsive, styled output
• After creating the field, add it to your target content type (or media type), populate it with images, then add it to your View block as a field
• To restrict it to blocks only, you can configure the field's display settings for the "Block" view mode of your entity

Handling Layout #

Views has built-in layout options to control how your fields are displayed:

• When editing your View block, go to the Format section and click Settings for your chosen format (e.g., Unformatted list, Grid)
• Adjust settings like number of columns, row classes, or field grouping to match your layout needs
• For more advanced layouts, you can use Views templates: Copy the default Views template files (like views-view-unformatted.html.twig) into your theme, rename them to target your specific View, and customize the HTML structure

Adding Submenu Fields #

If you need to display submenu items related to your content, here are two approaches:

• Using Existing Fields: If your content is linked to a menu item, add the Menu Link: Parent or Menu Link: Children fields to your View (you may need to enable the Menu Link content type first)
• Custom Field Handler: For fully custom submenus, create a Views field handler in your module. Here's a quick example:

/**
 * Implements hook_views_data().
 */
function my_custom_module_views_data() {
  $data['node']['custom_submenu_field'] = [
    'title' => t('Custom Submenu'),
    'field' => [
      'title' => t('Custom Submenu'),
      'help' => t('Displays submenu items for the node.'),
      'handler' => 'my_custom_module_handler_field_submenu',
    ],
  ];
  return $data;
}

Then create the handler class to fetch and render the submenu items. You can use Drupal's menu API functions like menu_get_item() or menu_tree_all_data() to get the submenu structure and render it as HTML.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Manmeet Khurana