如何实现右键通过指定C++程序打开/运行文件？技术求助

Got it, let's break this down by platform—since file association systems are totally different across Windows, macOS, and Linux. This will make your custom script language feel like a native tool, exactly what you're aiming for!

Windows: Use the Registry #

Windows relies on the Registry to map file extensions to programs. You can set this up manually, or automate it with C++ code (great for installers).

Manual Setup #

1. Pick a file extension for your scripts (e.g., .phon).
2. Open the Registry Editor by running regedit in the Start Menu.
3. Navigate to HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, then:
   • Create a new key named .phon, set its default value to PhonScriptFile (this is a unique identifier for your file type).
   • Create a new key named PhonScriptFile, set its default value to "Phon Script File" (the friendly name users will see).
   • Under PhonScriptFile, create the nested path shell\open\command. Set the default value of command to:

     "C:\Full\Path\To\Your\interpreter.exe" "%1"
     

     The %1 will pass the clicked file's path directly to your C++ program as a command-line argument.
4. To make the system recognize the change immediately, run this command in Command Prompt:

   rundll32.exe shell32.dll,SHChangeNotify 0x08000000, 0x0000, 0, 0
   

Automated Registration with C++ #

Use Windows Registry APIs to add these entries programmatically. Note: This requires administrator privileges to modify HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT.

#include <windows.h>
#include <string>

bool RegisterPhonScriptAssociation(const std::wstring& exePath) {
    const std::wstring ext = L".phon";
    const std::wstring progID = L"PhonScriptFile";
    const std::wstring description = L"Phon Script File";

    // Register the extension to our progID
    HKEY hKey;
    if (RegCreateKeyExW(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, ext.c_str(), 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE, NULL, &hKey, NULL) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return false;
    }
    RegSetValueExW(hKey, NULL, 0, REG_SZ, (BYTE*)progID.c_str(), (progID.size() + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
    RegCloseKey(hKey);

    // Register the progID's display name
    if (RegCreateKeyExW(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, progID.c_str(), 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE, NULL, &hKey, NULL) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return false;
    }
    RegSetValueExW(hKey, NULL, 0, REG_SZ, (BYTE*)description.c_str(), (description.size() + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
    RegCloseKey(hKey);

    // Register the "Open" command
    const std::wstring commandPath = progID + L"\\shell\\open\\command";
    if (RegCreateKeyExW(HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, commandPath.c_str(), 0, NULL, REG_OPTION_NON_VOLATILE, KEY_WRITE, NULL, &hKey, NULL) != ERROR_SUCCESS) {
        return false;
    }
    const std::wstring command = L"\"" + exePath + L"\" \"%1\"";
    RegSetValueExW(hKey, NULL, 0, REG_SZ, (BYTE*)command.c_str(), (command.size() + 1) * sizeof(wchar_t));
    RegCloseKey(hKey);

    // Notify the system of the association change
    SHChangeNotify(SHCNE_ASSOCCHANGED, SHCNF_IDLIST, NULL, NULL);
    return true;
}

// Usage example (call this with admin rights):
// RegisterPhonScriptAssociation(L"C:\\Projects\\phon-interpreter\\Release\\phon-interpreter.exe");

macOS: Use App Bundles & Info.plist #

macOS prefers apps packaged as .app bundles. You'll need to wrap your C++ executable in one, then define file associations via the bundle's Info.plist.

Step 1: Create the App Bundle #

Make a folder structure like this:

PhonInterpreter.app/
  Contents/
    Info.plist
    MacOS/
      phon-interpreter  # Your compiled C++ executable
    Resources/
      phon-icon.icns    # Optional: Add a custom icon for your app

Step 2: Edit Info.plist #

Add file association details to the plist. Replace placeholders with your own values:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
  <key>CFBundleName</key>
  <string>Phon Interpreter</string>
  <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
  <string>phon-interpreter</string>
  <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
  <string>com.yourdomain.phoninterpreter</string> <!-- Unique ID, e.g., reverse your website domain -->
  <key>CFBundleDocumentTypes</key>
  <array>
    <dict>
      <key>CFBundleTypeName</key>
      <string>Phon Script File</string>
      <key>CFBundleTypeExtensions</key>
      <array>
        <string>phon</string> <!-- Your script extension -->
      </array>
      <key>CFBundleTypeRole</key>
      <string>Editor</string>
      <key>LSHandlerRank</key>
      <string>Owner</string> <!-- Marks your app as the default for this file type -->
    </dict>
  </array>
</dict>
</plist>

Step 3: Register the Bundle #

Move the PhonInterpreter.app to /Applications, then run this terminal command to tell macOS about the new association:

/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/LaunchServices.framework/Versions/A/Support/lsregister -f /Applications/PhonInterpreter.app

Linux: Use MIME Types & .desktop Files #

Linux desktop environments (GNOME, KDE, Xfce) follow the Freedesktop.org standards. You'll need to define a MIME type for your scripts and link it to your C++ executable via a .desktop file.

Step 1: Define a MIME Type #

Create a file named text-x-phonscript.xml with this content:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<mime-info xmlns="http://www.freedesktop.org/standards/shared-mime-info">
  <mime-type type="text/x-phonscript">
    <comment>Phon Script File</comment>
    <glob pattern="*.phon"/> <!-- Your script extension -->
  </mime-type>
</mime-info>

• For user-level access: Place it in ~/.local/share/mime/packages/, then run update-mime-database ~/.local/share/mime/.
• For system-level access: Place it in /usr/share/mime/packages/, then run sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime/.

Step 2: Create a .desktop File #

Make a file named phon-interpreter.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Phon Interpreter
Exec=/full/path/to/phon-interpreter %F
Type=Application
MimeType=text/x-phonscript;
Icon=/path/to/phon-icon.png <!-- Optional: Custom icon -->
Categories=Development;

• For user-level access: Place it in ~/.local/share/applications/, then run update-desktop-database ~/.local/share/applications/.
• For system-level access: Place it in /usr/share/applications/, then run sudo update-desktop-database /usr/share/applications/.

Step 3: Set as Default #

Run this terminal command to set your interpreter as the default for .phon files:

xdg-mime default phon-interpreter.desktop text/x-phonscript

Or right-click a .phon file, go to Properties > Open With, select your interpreter, and click Set as Default.

How Your C++ Program Receives the File Path #

In all platforms, the clicked file's path is passed as a command-line argument to your program. Here's a simple main function to handle it:

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
    if (argc < 2) {
        std::cout << "Usage: " << argv[0] << " <phon-script-file>" << std::endl;
        return 1;
    }

    // Process each file passed as an argument
    for (int i = 1; i < argc; ++i) {
        std::string scriptPath = argv[i];
        std::cout << "Executing script: " << scriptPath << std::endl;
        // Add your script parsing/execution logic here using scriptPath
    }

    return 0;
}

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Phonzi