Ubuntu死机强制重启后NTFS格式外接HDD变为RAW状态的数据恢复求助

我遇到了一个非常棘手的状况：我的电脑是Ubuntu和Win10双系统，之前在Ubuntu下往一块NTFS格式的外接HDD读写数据时，系统突然毫无征兆地死机了，我没办法只能强制重启了电脑。

重启之后麻烦就来了：这块HDD在Ubuntu里完全检测不到；在Windows里倒是能看到它，但显示成了RAW格式——里面明明还有好几TB的数据，可我完全没法访问。更糟的是，因为它是RAW状态，chkdsk命令根本没法在它上面运行。

补充一下：这块HDD放在一个4位的USB3外接硬盘底座里，底座里另外3块硬盘都能正常工作，应该不是底座的问题。

补充测试结果（根据建议做的检测） #

• 磁盘分区检测：用命令扫描时，目标磁盘（编号4）能被识别出来，但看不到任何分区信息。
• SMART状态检测：
  • 用CrystalDiskInfo检测，完全找不到这块硬盘；
  • 换用Hard Disk Sentinel，能检测到硬盘存在，但无法读取任何SMART属性数据。
• DMDE扫描情况：扫描过程中出现大量LBA错误，也没检测到任何可用分区，扫描日志如下：

[devscan]
scan_dev=1:0:11:-1:0x1:512:7814037168:\\?\scsi#disk&ven_st4000dm&prod_004-2cv104#a&72eb970&0&000000#{53f56307-b6bf-11d0-94f2-00a0c91efb8b}
scan_range="0x0-0x3a3817d6000"
scan_ltrack=1.1:0x0:1.1:806:953964:0xc4de8cdcb7000
scan_ltrackorg=1.1:806:0x3:0x0:0x0:0x3a3817d6000:0x400000
scan_lbps=512
scan_state_sec="block:0x2000;inc:0x4000;first:0x2000;shift:0x2000;sec:0x1d1c0beb0;set:0x0"
scan_modules=0x3
module_flags="10;0x7,0x7,0x7,0x7,0x7,0x7,0x7,0x7,0x7,0x7,"
module_states="10;0x10,0x10,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,"
expgrp="10;0x0,0x1,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,0x0,"
modselected=1
volselected=-1
volsortcol=3
extarr="145;xml,html,htm,reg,png,pdf,exe,exe,msi,chm,jpeg,jpg,jpe,jfif,jif,jfi,wav,\
gif,rtf,doc,html,htm,7z,vdi,vmdk,mp3,avi,cr2,nef,nrw,dng,tiff,tif,dng,ps,eps,doc,\
xls,ppt,msi,msp,wmv,wma,asf,psd,aiff,aifc,aif,iff,snd,flac,midi,mid,arc,bz2,tbz2,\
tar,ogg,oga,ogv,cab,rar,iso,doc,docx,xlsx,pptx,xls,ppt,ott,odt,otg,odg,otp,odp,ots,\
ods,otc,odc,oti,odi,otf,odf,oth,odm,apk,jar,apk,zip,zipx,jar,mkv,flv,mov,mov,mp4,\
mp4,dll,mui,vhd,vhd,vhdx,vmdk,pst,ost,pab,bmp,m2ts,mts,djvu,djv,doc,docx,pptx,ppt,\
xlsx,xls,doc,xls,ppt,msi,msp,mpeg,mpg,mpe,mpeg,mpg,mpe,mpeg,mpg,mpe,mov,crw,srw,\
raf,orf,jpeg,jpg,jpe,jfif,jif,jfi,mp3,cr3,heic"

[rawscan]
scan_vorg=1.3
scan_modltrack=1.0:0x0:1.3:806:953964:0x7e0ec21211000
scan_modltrackorg=1.3:806:0x0:0x0
ft_opmask=0x3ff
ft_op[gif.]=0x8
ft_op[jpg.]=0x88
ft_op[png.]=0x8
ft_op[pdf.]=0x8
ft_op[zip.]=0x8
ft_op[mpeg.]=0x8
ft_op[.]=0x0
ft_op[xml]=0x0
ft_op[reg]=0x0
ft_op[png]=0x2
ft_op[pdf]=0x0
ft_op[exe-DOS]=0x1
ft_op[exe-Win]=0x0
ft_op[chm]=0x0
ft_op[jpeg]=0x0
ft_op[wav]=0x0
ft_op[gif]=0x2
ft_op[rtf]=0x0
ft_op[html]=0x0
ft_op[7z]=0x2
ft_op[vdi]=0x4
ft_op[vmdk]=0x4
ft_op[mp3]=0x1
ft_op[avi]=0x0
ft_op[cr2]=0x0
ft_op[nef]=0x0
ft_op[tiff]=0x0
ft_op[ps]=0x0
ft_op[doc-]=0x200
ft_op[wmv]=0x0
ft_op[psd]=0x0
ft_op[aiff]=0x0
ft_op[flac]=0x0
ft_op[midi]=0x0
ft_op[arc]=0x0
ft_op[bz2]=0x0
ft_op[tar]=0x224
ft_op[ogg]=0x0
ft_op[cab]=0x3
ft_op[gz]=0x13
ft_op[rar]=0x102
ft_op[iso]=0x204
ft_op_scmxofs[iso]=10240
ft_op[docx-]=0x2
ft_op[ott]=0x2
ft_op[odt]=0x2
ft_op[otg]=0x2
ft_op[odg]=0x2
ft_op[otp]=0x2
ft_op[odp]=0x2
ft_op[ots]=0x2
ft_op[ods]=0x2
ft_op[otc]=0x2
ft_op[odc]=0x2
ft_op[oti]=0x2
ft_op[odi]=0x2
ft_op[otf]=0x2
ft_op[odf]=0x2
ft_op[oth]=0x2
ft_op[odm]=0x2
ft_op[apk]=0x2
ft_op[jar]=0x2
ft_op[zip]=0x2
ft_op[zip-null]=0x11
ft_op[mkv]=0x0
ft_op[flv]=0x0
ft_op[mov]=0x0
ft_op[mp4-mov]=0x0
ft_op[mp4]=0x0
ft_op[elf]=0x8
ft_op[dll]=0x0
ft_op[WinPE]=0x10
ft_op[vhd.]=0x8
ft_op[vhd]=0x4
ft_op[vhdx]=0x4
ft_op[vmdk-desc]=0x0
ft_op[pst]=0x0
ft_op[bmp]=0x0
ft_op[mts]=0x200
ft_op[mts-B]=0x210
ft_op[djvu]=0x0
ft_op[docx]=0x2
ft_op[pptx]=0x2
ft_op[xlsx]=0x2
ft_op[doc]=0x200
ft_op[xls]=0x200
ft_op[ppt]=0x200
ft_op[msi]=0x204
ft_op[opt]=0x208
ft_op[thumbs.db]=0x208
ft_op[cdoc-r]=0x9
ft_op[mpeg-A]=0x300
ft_op[mpeg-B]=0x300
ft_op[mpeg-C]=0x300
ft_op[mov-B]=0x0
ft_op[crw]=0x0
ft_op[srw]=0x0
ft_op[raf]=0x0
ft_op[orf]=0x0
ft_op[jpeg-B]=0x0
ft_op[mp3-B]=0x261
ft_op[cr3]=0x0
ft_op[heic]=0x0
ft_op[Archives]=0x10
ft_op[Documents]=0x10
ft_op[Graphics]=0x10
ft_op[Media]=0x10
ft_op[Text]=0x10
ft_op[DiskImages]=0x10
ft_op[Executable]=0x10
ft_op[Other]=0x10
ft_op[Removed]=0x10
ft_op[Spec.]=0x10
ft_sort="102;Archives,7z,arc,bz2,cab,gz,rar,tar,zip,zip-null,Documents,chm,djvu,\
doc,doc-,docx,docx-,odc,odf,odg,odi,odm,odp,ods,odt,opt,otc,otf,otg,oth,oti,otp,\
ots,ott,pdf,ppt,pptx,ps,pst,rtf,xls,xlsx,Graphics,bmp,cr2,cr3,crw,gif,heic,jpeg,\
jpeg-B,nef,orf,png,psd,raf,srw,tiff,Media,aiff,avi,flac,flv,midi,mkv,mov,mov-B,mp3,\
mp3-B,mp4,mp4-mov,mpeg-A,mpeg-B,mpeg-C,mts,mts-B,ogg,wav,wmv,Text,html,reg,xml,DiskImages,\
iso,vdi,vhd,vhd.,vhdx,vmdk,vmdk-desc,Executable,apk,dll,elf,exe-DOS,exe-Win,jar,\
msi,WinPE,Other,thumbs.db,"
ft[.]=!"953862;200:200000k00{.+*e8e04"

[ntfsscan3.1]
scan_dev=1:0:11:-1:0x1:512:7814037168:"\\?\scsi#disk&ven_st4000dm&prod_004-2cv104#a&72eb970&0&000000#{53f56307-b6bf-11d0-94f2-00a0c91efb8b}"
scan_vorg=3.4
scan_range="0x0-0x3a3817d6000"
scan_state_sec="block:0x2000;inc:0x4000;first:0x2000;shift:0x2000;sec:0x1d1c0beb0;set:0x0"
scan_flags=0x7
mftsortcol=0
mftsortrev=0
mftcheckmask=0x22c
mftfiltminlen=0
mftfiltmaxlen=0
mftfiltofs=0x0-0x0
mftfiltnum=0-0
MFTRuns="0;"
INDX_recs_times=0
INDX_ofs="0;"
volstartstotnum=0
volstarts="3;0x7e00:1:0x2,0x0:1:0x2,0x200:1:0x2,"
volstartsother=0
maxmftnumallow=2147483647
maxvolsize=0x3a3817d6000
volumes="0;"
scan_vorg=3.4
scan_modltrack=0.0:0x0:3.4:806:0:0x687d3edf3e000
scan_modltrackorg=3.4:806:0x0:0x0

• Windows磁盘管理器：打开后提示我需要初始化这块硬盘，但我不敢轻易操作——是不是初始化之后，里面现有的不可读数据就彻底没了？

有没有大佬能给我一些数据恢复的建议？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者crasse