如何通过Chromedriver和Selenium启动Chrome及突发错误排查

Hey there! Let's break down your two questions clearly—first how to launch Chrome with Selenium and Chromedriver, then that frustrating out-of-the-blue error you're dealing with.

Follow these straightforward steps to get up and running:

• Match Chrome and Chromedriver versions first: This is non-negotiable. Head to Chrome's settings → About Chrome to check your browser version, then download the exact matching Chromedriver version.
• Install Selenium: Run this command in your terminal/command prompt to install the library:

  pip install selenium
  

• Write the launch code:
  • If you've added Chromedriver to your system's PATH (so your OS can find it anywhere), use this simple code:

    from selenium import webdriver
    
    # Launch Chrome
    driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    # Navigate to a test site
    driver.get("https://www.example.com")
    

  • If you need to specify the exact path to your Chromedriver file (common if you don't want to mess with PATH):

    from selenium import webdriver
    from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
    
    # Point to your Chromedriver location
    service = Service(executable_path="C:/path/to/your/chromedriver.exe")
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service)
    driver.get("https://www.example.com")
    

  • Bonus tip for Selenium 4.6.0+: You don't even need to download Chromedriver manually anymore! Selenium will handle it automatically, so just driver = webdriver.Chrome() works out of the box.

From the traceback you shared, the error happens when importing webdriver from Selenium—here are the most likely fixes, since you didn't change any code:

• Chrome auto-updated in the background: This is the #1 culprit. Chrome often updates silently, making your old Chromedriver version incompatible. Fix it by:
  1. Checking your current Chrome version, then downloading the matching Chromedriver to replace the old one
  2. Switching to the auto-managed Chromedriver feature in Selenium 4.6+ (mentioned above) to avoid this issue entirely
• Corrupted Selenium installation: Your Anaconda environment's Selenium package might have gotten damaged. Uninstall and reinstall it with:

  pip uninstall selenium
  pip install selenium
  

• Permission issues: Sometimes system permission changes block Chromedriver from running. Right-click your Chromedriver file, go to Properties → Security, and make sure your user account has execute permissions. You can also try running your script as an administrator.
• Antivirus false positive: Some antivirus tools flag Chromedriver as malicious. Check your antivirus quarantine/block list, and add Chromedriver to its whitelist if it's there.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Austin Ju