使用Visual Studio 2015合并Git分支时出现权限拒绝错误

Hey there, let’s tackle this frustrating merge issue you’re dealing with. It’s super annoying when Visual Studio throws an access denied error while other Git tools work fine—especially as a Git newbie. Let’s break down what’s going on and fix it step by step.

First, the core problem here is almost always either a process locking your project directory or Visual Studio’s built-in Git integration having permission quirks that tools like SourceTree handle more gracefully. Let’s start with the simplest fixes.

Step 1: Release File/Directory Locks #

Windows loves to lock files when they’re in use, and Visual Studio or related background processes might be clinging to the projectFolder you’re trying to modify:

• Close Visual Studio completely—don’t just minimize it. Check Task Manager (Ctrl+Shift+Esc) for any leftover devenv.exe processes and end them if they’re still running.
• If you had File Explorer open to that projectFolder, close that window too—Explorer can lock directories unexpectedly.
• Look for background build processes in Task Manager: end any msbuild.exe or vbc.exe (if using VB.NET) instances tied to your project.

Step 2: Use Git Command Line to Bypass VS Integration #

Since other Git tools work, the VS Git plugin is likely the culprit. Let’s use the command line directly—it’s more reliable for troubleshooting, and it’s a great skill to learn as a Git newbie:

1. Open Git Bash (or Command Prompt, if Git is in your system PATH) and navigate to your repo root:

   cd C:/Source/Repos/repoTest2
   

2. Switch to your master branch:

   git checkout master
   

3. Pull the latest changes to master (always do this before merging to avoid unnecessary conflicts):

   git pull origin master
   

4. Merge your feature branch into master (replace your-branch-name with your actual branch name):

   git merge your-branch-name
   

5. If you hit conflicts (since both branches edited the same file), Git will flag the affected files. Open those files in VS, resolve the conflicts (look for <<<<<<<, =======, >>>>>>> markers to see where changes clash), then save the file.
6. After fixing conflicts, stage the changes and finish the merge:

   git add .
   git commit -m "Merge [your-branch-name] into master"
   

Once this is done, you can open VS again—it should recognize the merged changes automatically.

Step 3: Disable Git’s File Mode Checks (Windows-Specific) #

Windows uses a different permission model than Unix systems, and Git sometimes tries to adjust file permissions which triggers access errors. Turn off this behavior:
Run this command in Git Bash/Command Prompt from your repo root:

git config core.fileMode false

This tells Git to ignore permission changes on files, eliminating a common source of Windows Git headaches.

Step 4: Tweak Visual Studio’s Git Settings #

If you want to keep using VS for merges long-term, let’s make sure it’s using the correct Git installation:

1. Open Visual Studio, go to Tools > Options > Source Control > Git Global Settings
2. Under "Git executable path", ensure it points to your system Git installation (usually C:\Program Files\Git\bin\git.exe) instead of any built-in VS version.
3. Click Reset Settings to restore default Git configurations in VS, then restart the IDE.

Bonus Tips for Git Newbies #

• Always pull the latest master before merging your branch to minimize conflicts.
• If you’re unsure about resolving conflicts, use VS’s built-in "Resolve Conflicts" tool (right-click the conflicted file in Team Explorer > Resolve Conflicts) to view changes side by side and pick which version to keep.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Aya