如何让Ubuntu 16.04主机与Homestead VM实现文件实时同步？

Hey there! Let's work through this problem where your Drupal site on Homestead isn't showing changes you make on your Ubuntu host—this is a super common hiccup for new Homestead users, so we'll get it sorted out step by step.

1. First, Clear Drupal's Cache (Most Likely Culprit!) #

Drupal loves caching everything—pages, templates, config, you name it. Even if your files are syncing perfectly, old cache will make the site show stale content. Here are a few ways to clear it:

• Via the Drupal UI: Visit your site's admin page at your-site-url/admin/config/development/performance and click the Clear all caches button.
• Via Drush (faster!): SSH into your Homestead box with vagrant ssh, navigate to your Drupal root directory, then run:

  drush cr
  

• No Drush? Use Drupal's rebuild script: Still in the Drupal root on the VM, run:

  php core/scripts/rebuild.php
  

2. Verify Vagrant Folder Sync Configuration #

Even if you moved files to the Vagrantfile directory, we need to double-check Homestead's sync settings:

1. Open your Homestead.yaml file (usually in ~/.homestead/ or your project's root).
2. Look for the folders section—it should map your host directory to the VM's /home/vagrant/code (or a subfolder). Example:

   folders:
       - map: ~/your-project-directory  # This is your host folder with Drupal
         to: /home/vagrant/code          # This is where it lives on the VM
   

3. Also confirm your Drupal site's Nginx configuration in Homestead.yaml points to the synced directory. For example:

   sites:
       - map: your-site.test
         to: /home/vagrant/code/your-drupal-root/web  # Match this to your synced Drupal web root
   

4. If you made changes to Homestead.yaml, reload the VM with provisioning to apply them:

   vagrant reload --provision
   

3. Check File Permissions on the VM #

Sometimes when files sync from the host to the VM, permissions get messed up, and Drupal can't read the updated files. SSH into the VM and run these commands (replace /home/vagrant/code/your-drupal-root with your actual path):

# Set correct owner for web server
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /home/vagrant/code/your-drupal-root
# Set general read/write/execute permissions
sudo chmod -R 755 /home/vagrant/code/your-drupal-root
# Give write access to Drupal's files directory (critical for uploads and cache)
sudo chmod -R 777 /home/vagrant/code/your-drupal-root/sites/default/files

4. Ensure Real-Time Sync is Enabled #

Homestead uses different sync mechanisms—if you're using rsync, it might not sync changes in real-time by default. Switching to NFS (faster and real-time) often fixes this:

1. Edit your Homestead.yaml folders section to add the type: nfs option:

   folders:
       - map: ~/your-project-directory
         to: /home/vagrant/code
         type: "nfs"
         options:
             mount_options: ["rw", "vers=3", "tcp", "nolock"]
   

2. On your Ubuntu host, install NFS server if you haven't already:

   sudo apt update && sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server
   

3. Reload the VM with provisioning:

   vagrant reload --provision
   

5. Test if Files Are Actually Syncing #

To rule out sync issues entirely, do a quick test:

1. On your host, edit a simple file (like a template in your Drupal theme: sites/default/themes/your-theme/templates/page.html.twig) and add a comment like <!-- TEST SYNC -->.
2. SSH into the VM and cat the same file:

   cat /home/vagrant/code/your-drupal-root/sites/default/themes/your-theme/templates/page.html.twig
   

3. If you don't see the comment, your sync is broken—double-check your Homestead.yaml folders map, or try restarting the VM entirely:

   vagrant halt && vagrant up
   

Start with clearing the cache first—it's the most common fix. If that doesn't work, work through the other steps one by one, and you'll get your real-time updates working in no time!

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者B-zaro