Ubuntu下IntelliJ构建的Artifact无法运行问题求助

Hey there, let's troubleshoot why your JavaFX JAR won't run on Ubuntu 16.04. I've dealt with similar issues plenty of times, so let's break this down step by step:

Double-clicking a JAR hides critical error messages, which are key to figuring out what's wrong. Open a terminal, navigate to your JAR's folder with cd /path/to/your/jar/folder, then run:

java -jar your-app-filename.jar

Note the exact error output—this will point us directly to the root cause.

1. Missing Executable Permissions #

Ubuntu might block the JAR from running due to insufficient permissions. Fix this by running:

chmod +x your-app-filename.jar

Try double-clicking again, or re-run the command line command above.

2. Missing JavaFX Runtime Dependencies #

Ubuntu 16.04's default OpenJRE (even version 9) often excludes JavaFX modules. Here's how to fix this:

• Install the OpenJFX package via apt:

  sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install openjfx
  

• If you're using a modular JavaFX app, you'll need to specify the module path when running. First, download the JavaFX SDK matching your JRE 9 version, then run:

  java --module-path /path/to/javafx-sdk-9/lib --add-modules javafx.controls,javafx.fxml -jar your-app-filename.jar
  

  Replace /path/to/javafx-sdk-9/lib with the actual path to your SDK's lib folder.

3. Incorrect Main Class Configuration in Artifact #

Head back to IntelliJ's Project Structure > Artifacts and double-check:

• You've selected the correct main class (the one that extends javafx.application.Application).
• The generated META-INF/MANIFEST.MF file inside the JAR has the right entries. It should include:

  Main-Class: com.your.package.YourMainClass
  JavaFX-Main-Class: com.your.package.YourMainClass
  

  (Some JavaFX versions require both lines to launch properly.)

4. Incorrect JAR File Association in Ubuntu #

Sometimes Ubuntu uses the wrong JRE to open JARs. Fix this:

• Right-click your JAR file > Properties > Open With
• Select your installed JRE 9's java executable (avoid generic "OpenJDK" entries if they lack JavaFX)
• Check "Use this application to open all .jar files" and save.

• Try rebuilding your artifact from scratch in IntelliJ: Go to Build > Build Artifacts > Build to ensure no hidden build errors slipped through.
• JRE 9 is pretty outdated—consider upgrading to JRE 11 or later (Ubuntu 16.04 supports these) for better JavaFX compatibility, since JavaFX became a separate module starting with JRE 11.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user1300214