拥有虚拟机访问权限时，如何获取其内应用的CPU、disk io、内存及网络使用率？

Great question! Since you have direct access to the VM, you can pull application-level resource metrics right from the guest operating system itself—no need to rely solely on hypervisor-level tools like PowerCLI. Here’s a breakdown by OS, with actionable workflows and tools:

Windows Guest OS Workflows & Tools #

Built-in Tools (No Extra Software Required) #

• Task Manager: The quickest way to get a real-time view. Open it with Ctrl+Shift+Esc, head to the Details tab for per-process CPU, memory, and disk usage. For network stats, switch to the Performance tab and click Open Resource Monitor—the Network tab there maps network activity directly to individual apps.
• PowerShell: Perfect for scripting or automated data collection:
  • Grab CPU, memory, and disk usage for all processes:

    Get-Process | Select-Object Name, Id, CPU, WorkingSet, DiskUsage
    

  • Fetch per-process network metrics using counters:

    Get-Counter '\Process(*)\Bytes Sent/sec', '\Process(*)\Bytes Received/sec' | Select-Object -ExpandProperty CounterSamples
    

• Resource Monitor: Launch it directly via resmon.exe—it aggregates CPU, memory, disk, and network metrics per process in a single, easy-to-navigate interface.

Third-Party Tools (For Advanced Use Cases) #

• Process Explorer: A more powerful alternative to Task Manager, showing detailed process dependencies, handle counts, and network connections tied to each application.
• PerfMon (Performance Monitor): Create custom data collector sets to track long-term application resource trends. Add counters like \Process(*)\% Processor Time, \Process(*)\Private Bytes, \Process(*)\Disk Bytes/sec, and \Process(*)\Bytes Total/sec to build tailored monitoring profiles.

Linux Guest OS Workflows & Tools #

Built-in Command-Line Tools #

• top/htop: top is preinstalled on nearly all distros—launch it to see real-time per-process CPU and memory usage. For a more intuitive, color-coded interface, install htop via apt install htop or yum install htop.
• ps/iotop: Use ps aux for a static snapshot of all processes with CPU/memory stats. For disk IO per process, use iotop (install via your package manager) to view real-time read/write activity tied to each app.
• netstat/ss/nethogs: netstat -tulpn or ss -tulpn lists open ports and their associated processes. For per-process bandwidth usage, install nethogs—it shows live network traffic broken down by application.

Scriptable & Long-Term Monitoring Tools #

• Prometheus + Node Exporter: If you need persistent monitoring and alerting, install Node Exporter on the VM. It exposes per-process resource metrics that Prometheus can scrape, and you can visualize the data with Grafana for detailed dashboards.
• sar/pidstat: The System Activity Reporter (sar) logs historical resource usage—use sar -u for CPU, sar -r for memory, sar -d for disk IO, and sar -n DEV for network stats. Pair it with pidstat to track per-process metrics over time:

  pidstat -u -r -d -h 5
  

  (This samples metrics every 5 seconds.)

Key Notes #

• Always run tools with sufficient privileges (e.g., sudo on Linux, admin rights on Windows) to access metrics for system-level applications.
• For containerized apps (like Docker), use container-specific tools: docker stats for real-time resource usage, or docker inspect for detailed, per-container metrics.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者M. P