如何在Jupyter Notebook内部通过单元格命令启动终端？

Hey there! Glad you asked—since you already know how to spin up a terminal via the Jupyter server's UI, let's cover how to do similar tasks right from a notebook cell, whether you need to run one-off commands or get an interactive session.

1. Run Single/Batch Terminal Commands (Non-Interactive) #

This is the most straightforward use case, and it works in almost every Jupyter environment:

• Single command: Prefix any terminal command with ! to execute it directly in the cell. The output will print right below the cell. For example:

  !pwd  # Check your current working directory
  !ls -lh  # List directory contents with human-readable sizes
  !pip list | grep pandas  # Filter pip packages to find pandas
  

• Multi-line bash script: Use the %%bash cell magic command at the top of a cell to run multiple bash commands in sequence. The entire cell will be treated as a bash script:

  %%bash
  echo "=== Current Environment Details ==="
  whoami
  echo "Working directory: $(pwd)"
  echo "---"
  # Create a test file and write content to it
  touch test_file.txt
  echo "Hello from Jupyter cell!" >> test_file.txt
  cat test_file.txt
  

2. Launch an Interactive Terminal Session #

Jupyter's web-based cells have some limitations with fully interactive terminal sessions, but there are a couple of workarounds depending on your setup:

• Local Jupyter (with a desktop environment): If you're running Jupyter on your local machine, you can launch a native system terminal window directly from a cell. This terminal will use the same working directory and environment as your Jupyter server:

  # Linux
  !xterm &
  
  # macOS
  !open -a Terminal .
  
  # Windows
  !start cmd
  

  The & at the end of the Linux command lets the terminal run in the background so your Jupyter cell doesn't hang.

• Interactive shell in the cell: If you need to work directly within the notebook cell (instead of a separate window), you can launch an interactive bash shell with:

  !bash -i
  

  Keep in mind: Some interactive features (like password prompts or real-time input) might not work perfectly in the web interface due to how Jupyter handles stdin. For these cases, the server UI's terminal is still the better option.

• Enhanced interactive shell: If you have ptpython installed (a feature-rich Python shell), you can run it in the cell for a more polished interactive experience:

  !ptpython
  

A quick note for remote servers: If you're running Jupyter on a remote server without a graphical interface, launching a native terminal window won't work. Stick to non-interactive commands or use the server's built-in terminal via the UI for full interactivity.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者George Pamfilis