Debian从Bullseye升级到Bookworm后SSH登录报Permission denied错误无法登录

我在把Debian服务器从Bullseye升级到Bookworm之后，没办法通过SSH登录了。我已经试了好几种排查方法，但问题还是没解决。

错误信息 #

Last login: Wed Apr 10 13:42:16 2024 from 192.168.x.x
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
/usr/bin/sh: Permission denied

已尝试的排查步骤 #

• 彻底卸载了sshd，重新安装了openssh-server
• 将sshd_config配置文件清空，只使用默认配置
• 尝试在本地用ssh user@localhost登录服务器，还是遇到同样的错误
• 尝试切换不同的默认shell（比如/usr/bin/bash），但还是收到类似的Permission denied错误
• 尝试用不同的用户登录...

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Gush