Ubuntu16.04下内核模块编译失败求助

DevOps 小满

2026-5-25

Hey there! Let's work through fixing your kernel module compilation problems together. I’ve spotted a handful of issues in your code, plus I’ll cover the proper build setup you need for Ubuntu 16.04.

Step 1: Fix the Critical Issues in Your kernel_hello.c Code

Your source code has a few syntax and structural mistakes that are causing compilation failures. Here's the corrected version, with explanations of each fix:

#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>

// Fixed: Added semicolons to all MODULE_* macros (required in C)
MODULE_LICENSE("DUAL BSD/GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("YANQIN");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("kernel module hello");
MODULE_VERSION("1.0");

static int hello_init(void) {
    printk(KERN_ALERT "hello_init() start\n");
    return 0;
}

// Fixed: Corrected function parameter list (must be `void` for exit functions)
// Added: Proper function body with a printk for exit feedback
static void hello_exit(void) {
    printk(KERN_ALERT "hello_exit() called\n");
}

// Fixed: Added required macros to register your init/exit functions with the kernel
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);

Key fixes explained:

All MODULE_* macros were missing trailing semicolons — C requires every statement to end with a semicolon.
Your hello_exit function had invalid parameters (... isn't allowed here) and no body. Kernel module exit functions must take no arguments (void).
You forgot to add module_init() and module_exit() macros, which tell the kernel which functions to run when your module is loaded/unloaded.

Step 2: Set Up a Makefile for Kernel Module Compilation

You can't compile kernel modules with plain gcc — you need to use the kernel's build system. Create a file named Makefile in the same directory as kernel_hello.c with this content:

obj-m += kernel_hello.o
KDIR := /lib/modules/$(shell uname -r)/build
PWD := $(shell pwd)

all:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) modules

clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KDIR) M=$(PWD) clean

Step 3: Compile and Test Your Module

Run the compilation command in your terminal:
```
make
```
This will generate a kernel_hello.ko file (the compiled kernel module).
Load the module into the kernel:
```
sudo insmod kernel_hello.ko
```
Check the kernel log to see your hello_init message:
```
dmesg | tail
```
Unload the module to trigger the exit function:
```
sudo rmmod kernel_hello
```
Check the log again to confirm the exit message appears:
```
dmesg | tail
```

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user9692088