如何在Ubuntu Server上将Python脚本作为服务运行？

Got it, let's get your Python script running as a persistent service on Ubuntu so you don't have to keep your SSH session open. Here's a step-by-step guide tailored to your needs:

1. Upload your Python script to the server #

First, get your script onto the Ubuntu server. You can use scp directly from your local terminal:

scp /path/to/your/local/script.py your-username@server-ip:/opt/my-scripts/

If the /opt/my-scripts/ directory doesn't exist on the server, log in via SSH and create it first:

mkdir -p /opt/my-scripts

Then make sure your script has the necessary permissions (at least read access for the user running it):

chmod +r /opt/my-scripts/script.py

2. Create a systemd service file #

Ubuntu uses systemd for managing services, so we'll create a custom service config to run your script.

Open a new service file with sudo privileges:

sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/python-script.service

Paste the following config, adjusting the values to match your setup:

[Unit]
Description=My Background Python Script
# Uncomment the line below if your script needs network access
# After=network.target

[Service]
# Replace with your server username
User=your-username
# Set to the directory where your script lives
WorkingDirectory=/opt/my-scripts
# Path to Python and your script; use your virtual env Python path if needed
ExecStart=/usr/bin/python3 /opt/my-scripts/script.py
# Set to "no" for one-time tasks (script runs once then exits)
Restart=no
# Send logs to systemd's journal (easy to view later)
StandardOutput=journal+console
StandardError=inherit

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

Save and exit nano: press Ctrl+O, hit Enter, then Ctrl+X.

3. Start and manage the service #

Now let's set up the service to run independently:

• Reload systemd to detect the new service:

  sudo systemctl daemon-reload
  

• (Optional) If you want the script to run automatically on server boot:

  sudo systemctl enable python-script.service
  

• Start the service right away:

  sudo systemctl start python-script.service
  

4. Check status and logs #

You can verify if your script is running (or completed, for one-time tasks) with:

sudo systemctl status python-script.service

To view detailed logs (including any output/errors from your script):

# View all logs for the service
journalctl -u python-script.service
# Or track logs in real-time
journalctl -u python-script.service -f

Extra tips #

• If your script uses a virtual environment, replace the ExecStart path with your venv's Python binary (e.g., /opt/my-scripts/venv/bin/python3).
• Make sure any file paths in your script are absolute (not relative) to avoid issues with the service's working directory.
• For one-time tasks, after the script finishes, the service will show a "success" status in systemctl status.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Klaus