本地Windows/Linux环境下将https://domain1.com重定向至https://domain2.com的方法

Alright, let's clear this up first: the hosts file only maps domain names to IP addresses—it can't handle path-specific redirects like you're trying to do. That's why your initial attempt didn't work. Below are step-by-step solutions for both Windows and Linux environments using common web servers (Nginx or Apache), which are perfect for this kind of URL routing.

Windows Environment #

Option 1: Use Nginx #

Nginx is lightweight and easy to configure for redirects. Here's how to set it up:

1. Download & extract Nginx: Grab the Windows version from the official Nginx site, then unzip it to a folder like C:\nginx.
2. Generate a self-signed SSL certificate: Since you're dealing with HTTPS, you'll need a cert (your browser will show a warning, but it's safe for local use). Use OpenSSL (install via Git Bash or the official OpenSSL installer) and run this command:

   openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout domain1.key -out domain1.crt -days 365 -subj "/CN=domain1.com"
   

   Create a cert folder inside C:\nginx and move the domain1.key and domain1.crt files there.
3. Edit Nginx config: Open C:\nginx\conf\nginx.conf and add this server block inside the http section:

   server {
       listen 80;
       listen 443 ssl;
       server_name domain1.com;
   
       ssl_certificate cert/domain1.crt;
       ssl_certificate_key cert/domain1.key;
   
       # Redirect the specific path
       location /test/test.php {
           return 301 https://domain2.com$request_uri;
       }
   
       # Proxy all other requests to the original domain1.com
       location / {
           proxy_pass https://domain1.com;
           proxy_set_header Host $host;
       }
   }
   

4. Update hosts file: Open C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts as Administrator and add:

   127.0.0.1 domain1.com
   

5. Start Nginx: Open Command Prompt, navigate to C:\nginx, and run start nginx. Test by visiting https://domain1.com/test/test.php—it should redirect to the domain2 version.

Option 2: Use Apache (via XAMPP) #

If you already use XAMPP, this is a straightforward choice:

1. Enable required modules: Open XAMPP's Apache config (httpd.conf) and uncomment these lines by removing the #:

   #LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so
   #LoadModule proxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so
   #LoadModule proxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so
   #LoadModule ssl_module modules/mod_ssl.so
   #Include conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf
   

2. Configure virtual hosts: Open conf/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf and add these blocks:

   <VirtualHost *:80>
       ServerName domain1.com
       # Redirect the specific path
       RedirectMatch 301 ^/test/test.php$ https://domain2.com/test/test.php
       # Proxy other requests to original domain
       ProxyPass / https://domain1.com/
       ProxyPassReverse / https://domain1.com/
   </VirtualHost>
   
   <VirtualHost *:443>
       ServerName domain1.com
       SSLEngine on
       SSLCertificateFile "C:/xampp/apache/conf/ssl.crt/domain1.crt"
       SSLCertificateKeyFile "C:/xampp/apache/conf/ssl.key/domain1.key"
   
       RedirectMatch 301 ^/test/test.php$ https://domain2.com/test/test.php
       ProxyPass / https://domain1.com/
       ProxyPassReverse / https://domain1.com/
   </VirtualHost>
   

3. Add SSL cert: Generate the same self-signed cert as in the Nginx step, then move the .crt to C:/xampp/apache/conf/ssl.crt and .key to C:/xampp/apache/conf/ssl.key.
4. Update hosts file: Same as the Nginx step—add 127.0.0.1 domain1.com.
5. Restart Apache: Use the XAMPP control panel to stop and start Apache. Test your redirect.

Linux Environment #

Option 1: Use Nginx #

Most Linux distros make installing Nginx a breeze:

1. Install Nginx:
   • For Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt update && sudo apt install nginx
   • For RHEL/CentOS: sudo dnf install nginx
2. Generate SSL cert: Run this command to create a self-signed cert (stored in system default SSL folders):

   sudo openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:4096 -nodes -keyout /etc/ssl/private/domain1.key -out /etc/ssl/certs/domain1.crt -days 365 -subj "/CN=domain1.com"
   

3. Create Nginx config file: Make a new file at /etc/nginx/sites-available/domain1.conf with this content:

   server {
       listen 80;
       listen 443 ssl;
       server_name domain1.com;
   
       ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/certs/domain1.crt;
       ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/domain1.key;
   
       location /test/test.php {
           return 301 https://domain2.com$request_uri;
       }
   
       location / {
           proxy_pass https://domain1.com;
           proxy_set_header Host $host;
       }
   }
   

4. Enable the config: Create a symlink to enable the site:

   sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/domain1.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
   

5. Update hosts file: Add the domain mapping:

   echo "127.0.0.1 domain1.com" | sudo tee -a /etc/hosts
   

6. Test & restart Nginx:

   sudo nginx -t  # Checks for config errors
   sudo systemctl restart nginx
   

   Visit https://domain1.com/test/test.php to verify the redirect.

Option 2: Use Apache #

Apache is another solid choice for Linux:

1. Install Apache & required modules:
   • Debian/Ubuntu: sudo apt update && sudo apt install apache2 libapache2-mod-proxy-html libxml2-dev
   • Enable modules: sudo a2enmod rewrite proxy proxy_http ssl
2. Create virtual host config: Make a file at /etc/apache2/sites-available/domain1.conf:

   <VirtualHost *:80>
       ServerName domain1.com
       RedirectMatch 301 ^/test/test.php$ https://domain2.com/test/test.php
       ProxyPass / https://domain1.com/
       ProxyPassReverse / https://domain1.com/
   </VirtualHost>
   
   <VirtualHost *:443>
       ServerName domain1.com
       SSLEngine on
       SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/domain1.crt
       SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/domain1.key
   
       RedirectMatch 301 ^/test/test.php$ https://domain2.com/test/test.php
       ProxyPass / https://domain1.com/
       ProxyPassReverse / https://domain1.com/
   </VirtualHost>
   

3. Add SSL cert: Use the same self-signed cert command from the Nginx Linux step.
4. Update hosts file: Same as Nginx—add 127.0.0.1 domain1.com.
5. Enable site & restart Apache:

   sudo a2ensite domain1.conf
   sudo systemctl restart apache2
   

   Test your redirect now—it should work as expected.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Putperest