在Win10编译面向WinXP的OpenCV3.4.1及XP运行报错求助

Hey there, let's break down how to fix this issue step by step. The error pops up because InitializeCriticalSectionEx is an API introduced in Windows Vista, but your XP machine doesn't include it. By setting _WIN32_WINNT=0x0501, you're telling the compiler to target Windows XP specifically—so it'll use XP-compatible APIs instead of newer ones that aren't supported on your old system. Here's how to set this up depending on your development environment:

1. Visual Studio Setup #

If you're using Visual Studio (the most common choice for Windows development):

• Set the preprocessor definition:
  Right-click your project → Properties → navigate to Configuration Properties > C/C++ > Preprocessor → in the "Preprocessor Definitions" field, add _WIN32_WINNT=0x0501. Separate it from existing definitions with a semicolon if needed.
• Enable XP-compatible toolset:
  For VS 2015 and later, the default toolset doesn't support XP out of the box. Go to Configuration Properties > General → under "Platform Toolset", select the version with an _xp suffix (e.g., v140_xp for VS 2015, v141_xp for VS 2017).
• Verify OpenCV compatibility:
  If you're using pre-built OpenCV libraries, make sure they were compiled for Windows XP. If not, you'll need to compile OpenCV from source yourself, applying the same _WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 setting during the build process.

2. MinGW/GCC Setup #

For MinGW or GCC-based builds:

• Option 1: Add to compile command:
  Include the preprocessor definition directly in your compile command:

  g++ your_opencv_app.cpp -o app.exe -D_WIN32_WINNT=0x0501 `pkg-config --cflags --libs opencv`
  

• Option 2: Define in code:
  Add the define at the very top of your main source file, before any other includes (including OpenCV headers):

  #define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0501
  #include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
  // Rest of your code
  

Additional Notes #

• Target 32-bit architecture:
  Make sure your project is set to compile for x86 (32-bit)—Windows XP 64-bit is extremely rare, and your target is 32-bit XP, so this is non-negotiable.
• Redistributable files:
  Don't forget to include the XP-compatible VC++ Redistributable (if using VS) or MinGW runtime DLLs with your application when deploying to the XP machine.
• Test thoroughly:
  After building, copy the executable and all required OpenCV DLLs (32-bit, XP-compatible) to the XP machine and run it to confirm the error is resolved.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Giorgio R