Gitlab CI多分支部署：master/test分支分服务器部署可行吗？

GitLab CI 完全支持根据不同分支执行差异化的部署逻辑，核心是通过分支匹配规则来区分不同分支对应的操作步骤。我来给你具体讲讲怎么配置：

方案一：拆分独立的部署Job（推荐） #

这种方式把构建和部署拆分开，每个分支对应单独的部署Job，逻辑更清晰，也方便你单独查看不同分支的部署状态：

# 通用构建步骤：所有目标分支都先执行Maven构建
maven_build:
  script:
    - mvn install
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master" || $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "test"'

# 部署到服务器10.10.10.1（仅master分支推送时触发）
deploy_to_prod_server:
  script:
    # 通过SSH远程执行服务器上的部署命令（需确保Runner能免密登录该服务器）
    - ssh your_username@10.10.10.1 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin --passwordfile /home/asadminpass --user admin undeploy myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT"
    - ssh your_username@10.10.10.1 "sudo /etc/init.d/glassfish restart"
    - ssh your_username@10.10.10.1 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin deploy target/myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT.ear"
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master"'
  needs: [maven_build] # 依赖构建Job完成后再执行部署

# 部署到服务器10.10.10.2（仅test分支推送时触发）
deploy_to_test_server:
  script:
    # 同理执行测试服务器的部署命令
    - ssh your_username@10.10.10.2 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin --passwordfile /home/asadminpass --user admin undeploy myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT"
    - ssh your_username@10.10.10.2 "sudo /etc/init.d/glassfish restart"
    - ssh your_username@10.10.10.2 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin deploy target/myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT.ear"
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "test"'
  needs: [maven_build]

方案二：单Job内通过条件判断分支 #

如果希望把构建和部署放在同一个Job里，也可以用Shell条件判断来区分分支对应的操作：

maven_build_and_deploy:
  script:
    # 先执行通用的Maven构建
    - mvn install
    # 根据当前分支判断要部署到哪台服务器
    - |
      if [ "$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH" = "master" ]; then
        # 部署到生产服务器10.10.10.1
        ssh your_username@10.10.10.1 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin --passwordfile /home/asadminpass --user admin undeploy myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT"
        ssh your_username@10.10.10.1 "sudo /etc/init.d/glassfish restart"
        ssh your_username@10.10.10.1 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin deploy target/myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT.ear"
      elif [ "$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH" = "test" ]; then
        # 部署到测试服务器10.10.10.2
        ssh your_username@10.10.10.2 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin --passwordfile /home/asadminpass --user admin undeploy myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT"
        ssh your_username@10.10.10.2 "sudo /etc/init.d/glassfish restart"
        ssh your_username@10.10.10.2 "/opt/payara41/bin/asadmin deploy target/myApplication-ear-1.0-SNAPSHOT.ear"
      fi
  rules:
    - if: '$CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "master" || $CI_COMMIT_BRANCH == "test"'

注意事项 #

• 确保GitLab Runner所在机器能通过免密SSH登录到两台目标服务器（可以在Runner上配置SSH密钥对）；
• rules是GitLab CI较新的语法，比旧版的only/except更灵活，推荐使用；
• 如果你的部署命令有省略，直接补充完整对应的Payara部署命令即可。

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user3723340