Docker与SlimFramework新手求助：如何自动初始化MySQL数据表

Hey there! As someone new to Docker and Slim Framework, it makes total sense to hit a few bumps when setting up a multi-service environment like PHP-Apache + MySQL. Let's walk through what's missing in your current setup and build a working solution from scratch.

What's Off With Your Current Dockerfile? #

Your Dockerfile sets up a basic PHP-Apache image, but it has two big gaps for your goal:

• It can't start a MySQL service on its own — Dockerfiles build single images, so you need docker-compose to orchestrate both PHP-Apache and MySQL containers together.
• There's no logic to create your required database tables when MySQL starts up.
• Also, the RUN service apache2 restart line is unnecessary: Apache will automatically start when the container launches, and RUN commands only run during image building (so this restart won't persist to runtime).

Step-by-Step Working Setup #

1. Project Structure #

First, organize your files like this to keep things clean:

your-slim-project/
├── docker-compose.yml   # Orchestrates PHP and MySQL services
├── Dockerfile           # Builds your PHP-Apache image
├── apache2.conf         # Your custom Apache config
├── src/                 # All your Slim Framework code goes here
└── mysql-init/          # Holds SQL scripts to initialize MySQL
    └── init.sql

2. Updated Dockerfile #

Let's tweak your Dockerfile to better fit a Slim project:

FROM php:7.1-apache

# Set working directory (where your Slim code lives in the container)
WORKDIR /var/www/html

# Copy your custom Apache config
COPY apache2.conf /etc/apache2/

# Install required extensions and dependencies
RUN apt-get update -y && apt-get install -y \
    libpng-dev \
    curl \
    libcurl4-openssl-dev \
    && docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysql gd curl \
    && a2enmod rewrite

# Copy your Slim project code into the container
COPY src/ .

# Fix file permissions for Apache
RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html

3. Docker Compose File (docker-compose.yml) #

This is where we'll define both the PHP-Apache and MySQL services, and link them together:

version: '3.8'

services:
  php-apache:
    build: .
    ports:
      - "8080:80"  # Map host port 8080 to container port 80
    volumes:
      - ./src:/var/www/html  # Mount local src folder for live development
    depends_on:
      - mysql  # Ensure MySQL starts before PHP-Apache
    environment:
      # Database connection details (match MySQL service below)
      DB_HOST: mysql
      DB_PORT: 3306
      DB_NAME: your_database_name
      DB_USER: your_db_user
      DB_PASSWORD: your_db_password

  mysql:
    image: mysql:5.7  # Use MySQL 5.7 (compatible with PHP 7.1)
    ports:
      - "3306:3306"
    volumes:
      - mysql-data:/var/lib/mysql  # Persist MySQL data between container restarts
      - ./mysql-init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d  # Auto-run init scripts on first start
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: your_root_password
      MYSQL_DATABASE: your_database_name
      MYSQL_USER: your_db_user
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: your_db_password

volumes:
  mysql-data:  # Named volume to keep MySQL data safe

4. MySQL Initialization Script (mysql-init/init.sql) #

Put your table creation SQL here — this script will run automatically when MySQL starts for the first time:

-- Create your tables here
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
    id INT AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
    name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL,
    email VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL UNIQUE,
    created_at TIMESTAMP DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

-- Add any other table creation or seed data queries here

5. How to Run It #

1. Replace all placeholder values (like your_database_name, your_db_user, etc.) in the docker-compose.yml and init.sql files with your actual details.
2. Open a terminal in your project folder and run:

   docker-compose up --build
   

3. Once everything starts up:
   • Your Slim app will be accessible at http://localhost:8080
   • MySQL will be running on localhost:3306 (use the credentials you set)
   • Your database and tables will already be created!

Key Notes for Your Slim App #

In your Slim database configuration, use the environment variables from docker-compose.yml to connect to MySQL. For example:

$dbHost = getenv('DB_HOST');
$dbPort = getenv('DB_PORT');
$dbName = getenv('DB_NAME');
$dbUser = getenv('DB_USER');
$dbPass = getenv('DB_PASSWORD');

$pdo = new PDO(
    "mysql:host=$dbHost;port=$dbPort;dbname=$dbName;charset=utf8mb4",
    $dbUser,
    $dbPass
);

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Schnecke