如何用Python从文件构建RPM包与文件验证状态的字典？

First, let's fix your code to correctly build the desired data structure. The key is tracking the current RPM package as we process each line, so we can associate subsequent files (without the "RPM:" prefix) with the right package.

Updated Code #

#!/usr/bin/env python

d = {}
current_package = None

with open('files.txt', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        line = line.strip()
        if not line:
            continue  # Skip empty lines if any
        
        parts = line.split()
        if line.startswith('RPM:'):
            # Extract package name, status, and file path
            package_name = parts[1]
            status = parts[2]
            file_path = parts[3]
            
            # Initialize entry for the package if it doesn't exist
            if package_name not in d:
                d[package_name] = [{}]  # Match your desired list-with-dict structure
            
            # Add the file and its status to the package's dict
            d[package_name][0][file_path] = status
            
            # Update current package to this one for subsequent lines
            current_package = package_name
        else:
            # This line belongs to the last seen RPM package
            if current_package is None:
                print(f"Warning: Found orphaned file line: {line}")
                continue
            
            status = parts[0]
            file_path = parts[1]
            d[current_package][0][file_path] = status

# Verify the result
print("Resulting dictionary:")
print(d)

print("\nIterating over items:")
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, v)

Output #

Running this code will produce exactly the structure you requested:

Resulting dictionary:
{'psmisc-22.6-24.el6.x86_64': [{'/sbin/fuser': 'S.5......'}], 'python-2.7.9-0011.00.6ES.x86_64': [{'/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyc': '..5......', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyo': '..5......'}]}

Iterating over items:
psmisc-22.6-24.el6.x86_64 [{'/sbin/fuser': 'S.5......'}]
python-2.7.9-0011.00.6ES.x86_64 [{'/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyc': '..5......', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyo': '..5......'}]

Optimization Suggestion #

Your current structure uses a list containing a single dictionary for each package, which adds unnecessary nesting. A more efficient and intuitive structure would map each package directly to a dictionary of file paths and their statuses. This simplifies access and reduces complexity:

Optimized Code

#!/usr/bin/env python

d = {}
current_package = None

with open('files.txt', 'r') as f:
    for line in f:
        line = line.strip()
        if not line:
            continue
        
        parts = line.split()
        if line.startswith('RPM:'):
            package_name = parts[1]
            status = parts[2]
            file_path = parts[3]
            
            if package_name not in d:
                d[package_name] = {}  # Direct dict mapping
            
            d[package_name][file_path] = status
            current_package = package_name
        else:
            if current_package is None:
                print(f"Warning: Found orphaned file line: {line}")
                continue
            
            status = parts[0]
            file_path = parts[1]
            d[current_package][file_path] = status

# Verify optimized result
print("Optimized dictionary:")
print(d)

print("\nIterating over optimized items:")
for k, v in d.items():
    print(k, v)

Optimized Output

Optimized dictionary:
{'psmisc-22.6-24.el6.x86_64': {'/sbin/fuser': 'S.5......'}, 'python-2.7.9-0011.00.6ES.x86_64': {'/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyc': '..5......', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyo': '..5......'}}

Iterating over optimized items:
psmisc-22.6-24.el6.x86_64 {'/sbin/fuser': 'S.5......'}
python-2.7.9-0011.00.6ES.x86_64 {'/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyc': '..5......', '/usr/lib64/python2.7/base64.pyo': '..5......'}

This optimized structure is easier to work with—for example, to get the status of a specific file you can do d[package_name][file_path] directly, without needing to index into a list first.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者HTF