我在构建APK时遇到了以下错误：

C:/Users/Hao/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.jetbrains.kotlin/kotlin-stdlib-common/1.9.10/dafaf2c27f27c09220cee312df10917d9a5d97ce/kotlin-stdlib-common-1.9.10.jar!/META-INF/kotlin-stdlib-common.kotlin_module: Module was compiled with an incompatible version of Kotlin. The binary version of its metadata is 1.9.0, expected version is 1.6.0.

还有一些类似的错误，元数据的二进制版本是1.8.0或1.9.9999，预期版本同样是1.6.0。

我尝试过以下解决方法，但都没有效果：

• 在android\build.gradle中配置ext.kotlin_version，但没有任何变化
• 尝试降级Kotlin版本，却收到“版本过旧”的提示，导致构建失败
• 清理/重建项目，没有改善
• 清理Users/user/.android下的缓存，也没用
• 配置Android Studio的设置/项目结构/插件
• 执行./gradlew build同步Gradle时，又出现新错误：无法确定任务:google_mobile_ads:test的依赖项

Could not create task ':google_mobile_ads:testProfileUnitTest'.
this and base files have different roots: E:\Projects\project\build\google_mobile_ads and C:\Users\Hao\AppData\Local\Pub\Cache\hosted\pub.dev\google_mobile_ads-5.2.0\android.

自错误出现以来，我已经修改了以下配置文件：

settings.gradle #

pluginManagement {
    def flutterSdkPath = {
        def properties = new Properties()
        file("local.properties").withInputStream { properties.load(it) }
        def flutterSdkPath = properties.getProperty("flutter.sdk")
        assert flutterSdkPath != null, "flutter.sdk not set in local.properties"
        return flutterSdkPath
    }()

    includeBuild("$flutterSdkPath/packages/flutter_tools/gradle")

    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
        gradlePluginPortal()
    }
}

plugins {
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-plugin-loader" version "1.0.0"
    id "com.android.application" version "7.3.1" apply false //downgraded and upgraded
    id "org.jetbrains.kotlin.android" version "1.9.10" apply false //changed to 1.6.x / 1.7.x / 1.8.x
    id 'com.google.gms.google-services' version '4.4.2' apply false //changed to 4.3.15 for another error
}

include ":app"

android\build.gradle #

buildscript {
    ext.kotlin_version = '1.9.10' //comment in, out
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
//        maven("https://maven.pkg.jetbrains.space/public/p/compose/dev")
    }

    dependencies {
        classpath("com.android.tools.build:gradle:7.3.1")
        classpath("com.google.gms:google-services:4.4.2") //changed with the one in settings.gradle
        classpath("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-gradle-plugin:$kotlin_version") // comment in, out with ext.kotlin_version
    }
}

allprojects {
    repositories {
        google()
        mavenCentral()
    }
}

rootProject.buildDir = "../build"
subprojects {
    project.buildDir = "${rootProject.buildDir}/${project.name}"
}
subprojects {
    project.evaluationDependsOn(":app")
}

tasks.register("clean", Delete) {
    delete rootProject.buildDir
}

app\build.gradle #

plugins {
    id "com.android.application"
    id "kotlin-android"
    // The Flutter Gradle Plugin must be applied after the Android and Kotlin Gradle plugins.
    id "dev.flutter.flutter-gradle-plugin"
    id "com.google.gms.google-services"
}

dependencies {
    implementation platform('com.google.firebase:firebase-bom:33.5.1')

    implementation("org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:$kotlin_version")
    implementation('com.google.firebase:firebase-auth:23.1.0')
    implementation('com.google.firebase:firebase-firestore:25.1.1')
    implementation('com.google.android.gms:play-services-base:18.5.0')
    implementation("com.google.android.gms:play-services-ads:23.5.0")
    implementation("com.google.firebase:firebase-ads:23.5.0")
//    implementation("androidx.core:core-ktx:1.9.0")
//    implementation('com.google.android.gms:play-services-security:18.0.0')
//    implementation('androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.7.0')
//    implementation('androidx.legacy:legacy-support-v4:1.0.0')
//    implementation('androidx.annotation:annotation:1.9.1')
//    configurations.all {
//        resolutionStrategy {
//            force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib:$kotlin_version"
//            force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-reflect:$kotlin_version"
//            force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk7:$kotlin_version"
//            force "org.jetbrains.kotlin:kotlin-stdlib-jdk8:$kotlin_version"
//        }
//    }
}
//apply plugins('com.google.gms.google-services')

def localProperties = new Properties()
def localPropertiesFile = rootProject.file("local.properties")
if (localPropertiesFile.exists()) {
    localPropertiesFile.withReader("UTF-8") { reader ->
        localProperties.load(reader)
    }
}

def flutterVersionCode = localProperties.getProperty("flutter.versionCode")
if (flutterVersionCode == null) {
    flutterVersionCode = "1"
}

def flutterVersionName = localProperties.getProperty("flutter.versionName")
if (flutterVersionName == null) {
    flutterVersionName = "1.0"
}

android {
    namespace = "com.example.tictactoe_rebuild"
    compileSdk = flutter.compileSdkVersion
    ndkVersion = flutter.ndkVersion

    compileOptions {
        sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
        targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_17
    }

    defaultConfig {
        // TODO: Specify your own unique Application ID (https://developer.android.com/studio/build/application-id.html).
        applicationId = "com.example.tictactoe_rebuild"
        // You can update the following values to match your application needs.
        // For more information, see: https://docs.flutter.dev/deployment/android#reviewing-the-gradle-build-configuration.
        minSdk = 23/*flutter.minSdkVersion*/
        targetSdk = flutter.targetSdkVersion
        versionCode = flutterVersionCode.toInteger()
        versionName = flutterVersionName
    }

    kotlinOptions {
        jvmTarget = "17"
    }

    buildTypes {
        release {
            // TODO: Add your own signing config for the release build.
            // Signing with the debug keys for now, so `flutter run --release` works.
            signingConfig = signingConfigs.debug
        }
    }
}

flutter {
    source = "../.."
}

我需要解决这些问题，才能让广告正常运行。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Quoc Hao