ESP32-WROVER适配旧教材DHT11代码至ESP-IDF 5.3.1时的运行报错与功能异常求助

我最近为了课程学习ESP32，用的是Vedat Oner教材第一版（课程要求），但现在发现教材里的代码依赖因为版本更新大多都失效了。我用的是VSCode + PlatformIO，基于ESP-IDF架构，开发板是Freenove ESP32-WROVER。

我完全照搬了教材里的示例代码，只把DHT11_PIN从17改成了34，因为我的开发板没有17号引脚（作者用的是不同型号的板子）。代码如下：

#include <stdio.h> 
#include <freertos/FreeRTOS.h>
#include <freertos/task.h> 
#include "dht.h"
#include "driver/gpio.h" 

// defines
#define DHT11_PIN 34 
#define BUZZER_PIN 18 
#define BUZZER_PIN_SEL (1ULL << BUZZER_PIN) 
#define HUM_THRESHOLD 800 
#define TEMP_THRESHOLD 250 

// globals
static int16_t temperature; 
static bool temp_alarm = false; 
static int16_t humidity; 
static bool hum_alarm =false;

// initialize hardware
static void init_hw(void) { 
    gpio_config_t io_conf; 
    io_conf.mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT; 
    io_conf.pin_bit_mask = BUZZER_PIN_SEL; 
    io_conf.intr_type = GPIO_INTR_DISABLE; 
    io_conf.pull_down_en = 0; 
    io_conf.pull_up_en = 0; 
    gpio_config(&io_conf); 
}

// generates alarm beep
static void beep(void *arg) {
    int cnt = 2 * (int)arg; 
    bool state = true; 
    for (int i = 0; i < cnt; ++i, state = !state) {
        gpio_set_level(BUZZER_PIN, state); 
        vTaskDelay(100 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); 
    } 
    vTaskDelete(NULL);
}

// checks for humidity and temp alarms
static void check_alarm(void) {
    bool is_alarm = temperature >= TEMP_THRESHOLD; 
    bool run_beep = is_alarm && !temp_alarm; 
    temp_alarm = is_alarm; 
    if (run_beep) { 
        xTaskCreate(beep, "beep", configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE, (void *)3, 5, NULL); 
        return; 
    } 
    is_alarm = humidity >= HUM_THRESHOLD; 
    run_beep = is_alarm && !hum_alarm; 
    hum_alarm = is_alarm; 
    if (run_beep) { 
        xTaskCreate(beep, "beep", configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE, (void *)2, 5, NULL); 
    } 
}

void app_main() {
    init_hw(); 
    while (1) { 
        if (dht_read_data(DHT_TYPE_DHT11, (gpio_num_t)DHT11_PIN, &humidity, &temperature) == ESP_OK) { 
            printf("Humidity: %d%% Temp: %dC\n", humidity / 10, temperature / 10); check_alarm(); 
        } 
        else { 
            printf("Could not read data from sensor\n"); 
        } 
        vTaskDelay(2000 / portTICK_PERIOD_MS); 
    }
}

这个DHT11示例用到的dht实现里，原来的ets_delay_us()函数在新版本ESP-IDF里被移除了，我按照建议换成了esp_rom_delay_us()，代码能编译通过，但上传到ESP32后，控制台就开始输出一堆信息，最后直接崩溃了，日志如下：

ELF file SHA256: 840611cd9

Rebooting...
ets Jul 29 2019 12:21:46

rst:0xc (SW_CPU_RESET),boot:0x1b (SPI_FAST_FLASH_BOOT)
configsip: 0, SPIWP:0xee
clk_drv:0x00,q_drv:0x00,d_drv:0x00,cs0_drv:0x00,hd_drv:0x00,wp_drv:0x00
mode:DIO, clock div:2
load:0x3fff0030,len:7176
load:0x40078000,len:15564
ho 0 tail 12 room 4
load:0x40080400,len:4
load:0x40080404,len:3904
entry 0x40080638
␛[0;32mI (31) boot: ESP-IDF 5.3.1 2nd stage bootloader␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (31) boot: compile time Nov  5 2024 22:19:16␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (31) boot: Multicore bootloader␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (35) boot: chip revision: v3.1␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (39) boot.esp32: SPI Speed      : 40MHz␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (44) boot.esp32: SPI Mode       : DIO␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (48) boot.esp32: SPI Flash Size : 4MB␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (53) boot: Enabling RNG early entropy source...␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (58) boot: Partition Table:␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (62) boot: ## Label            Usage          Type ST Offset   Length␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (69) boot:  0 nvs              WiFi data        01 02 00009000 00006000␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (76) boot:  1 phy_init         RF data          01 01 0000f000 00001000␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (84) boot:  2 factory          factory app      00 00 00010000 00100000␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (91) boot: End of partition table␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (96) esp_image: segment 0: paddr=00010020 vaddr=3f400020 size=09d4ch ( 40268) map␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (118) esp_image: segment 1: paddr=00019d74 vaddr=3ffb0000 size=02368h (  9064) load␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (122) esp_image: segment 2: paddr=0001c0e4 vaddr=40080000 size=03f34h ( 16180) load␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (130) esp_image: segment 3: paddr=00020020 vaddr=400d0020 size=14cb8h ( 85176) map␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (161) esp_image: segment 4: paddr=00034ce0 vaddr=40083f34 size=08af0h ( 35568) load␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (182) boot: Loaded app from partition at offset 0x10000␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (182) boot: Disabling RNG early entropy source...␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (194) cpu_start: Multicore app␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (202) cpu_start: Pro cpu start user code␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (202) cpu_start: cpu freq: 160000000 Hz␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (202) app_init: Application information:␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (205) app_init: Project name:     DHT11_demo␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (210) app_init: App version:      1␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (215) app_init: Compile time:     Nov  5 2024 22:17:47␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (221) app_init: ELF file SHA256:  840611cd9...␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (226) app_init: ESP-IDF:          5.3.1␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (231) efuse_init: Min chip rev:     v0.0␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (236) efuse_init: Max chip rev:     v3.99 ␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (240) efuse_init: Chip rev:         v3.1␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (246) heap_init: Initializing. RAM available for dynamic allocation:␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (253) heap_init: At 3FFAE6E0 len 00001920 (6 KiB): DRAM␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (259) heap_init: At 3FFB2C30 len 0002D3D0 (180 KiB): DRAM␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (265) heap_init: At 3FFE0440 len 00003AE0 (14 KiB): D/IRAM␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (271) heap_init: At 3FFE4350 len 0001BCB0 (111 KiB): D/IRAM␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (278) heap_init: At 4008CA24 len 000135DC (77 KiB): IRAM␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (285) spi_flash: detected chip: generic␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (288) spi_flash: flash io: dio␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (293) main_task: Started on CPU0␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (303) main_task: Calling app_main()␛[0m
␛[0;32mI (303) gpio: GPIO[18]| InputEn: 0| OutputEn: 1| OpenDrain: 0| Pullup: 0| Pulldown: 0| Intr:0 ␛[0m
␛[0;31mE (303) gpio: io_num=34 can only be input␛[0m
␛[0;31mE (313) gpio: gpio_set_level(239): GPIO output gpio_num error␛[0m

abort() was called at PC 0x40082867 on core 0


Backtrace: 0x40082122:0x3ffb3970 0x4008559d:0x3ffb3990 0x4008b2fd:0x3ffb39b0 0x40082867:0x3ffb3a20 0x400829a5:0x3ffb3a50 0x40082a1e:0x3ffb3a70 0x400d8f2e:0x3ffb3aa0 0x400d8561:0x3ffb3dc0 0x400e4c51:0x3ffb3df0 0x4008b1b1:0x3ffb3e20 0x400d1ece:0x3ffb3e70 0x400d0fc9:0x3ffb3ea0 0x400d1171:0x3ffb3ed0 0x400d0f38:0x3ffb3f00 0x400e4470:0x3ffb3f20 0x40085e01:0x3ffb3f50

从日志里能看到关键错误**E (303) gpio: io_num=34 can only be input**，但我完全搞不懂这是什么意思，而且我用吹风机加热传感器让温度超过阈值后，蜂鸣器也完全没反应。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者StarSword