如何将Python依赖安装至项目目录，使应用可直接分享运行无需额外下载？

Great question! This is a super common need for keeping projects self-contained and shareable. Let’s break this down into two clear parts: getting dependencies installed locally to your project (instead of the C:\ system Python folder), and packaging everything so others can run your app without any setup.

Part 1: Install Dependencies Directly in Your Project Folder #

The most clean and reliable approach here is using a virtual environment—it isolates your project’s dependencies from the system-wide Python installation, so you don’t clutter up your C:\ drive or cause version conflicts between projects. Here’s how to set it up on Windows:

• First, create your project folder and open a Command Prompt or PowerShell window inside it.
• Create a virtual environment (we’ll use .venv as the folder name to keep it hidden and unobtrusive):

  python -m venv .venv
  

• Activate the virtual environment—this tells your system to use the project-local Python installation instead of the system one:
  • For Command Prompt:

    .venv\Scripts\activate.bat
    

  • For PowerShell (you may need to enable script execution first via Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned):

    .venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
    

  You’ll know it’s active when you see (.venv) at the start of your command line.
• Now install your dependencies (like Django or MySQLclient)—they’ll be stored in the .venv folder inside your project, not the system Python directory:

  pip install django mysqlclient
  

• To save a list of your dependencies for future reference or sharing, export them to a requirements.txt file:

  pip freeze > requirements.txt
  

If you don’t want to use a virtual environment (not recommended for most projects), you can directly install packages to a project folder using the --target flag:

pip install django mysqlclient --target ./project-deps

To run your app using these local dependencies, you’ll need to add the folder to your Python path first:

• Command Prompt:

  set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;./project-deps
  

• PowerShell:

  $env:PYTHONPATH += ";./project-deps"
  

Then run your script as usual.

Part 2: Package Your App & Dependencies into a Standalone Executable #

To let others run your app without installing Python or any dependencies, use a tool like PyInstaller to bundle everything into a single executable file. Here’s how:

• Make sure you’re still in your activated virtual environment, then install PyInstaller:

  pip install pyinstaller
  

• For a simple script (e.g., my_script.py), run this command to package it into a single .exe:

  pyinstaller --onefile my_script.py
  

  The final executable will appear in the dist folder of your project—users can double-click it to run your app immediately.

For Django Projects (Extra Steps) #

Django apps have static files and templates that need to be included in the bundle:

1. First, collect all static files into a single folder:

   python manage.py collectstatic
   

2. When running PyInstaller, specify these additional files to include. You can either:
   • Use flags to add static and template folders directly:

     pyinstaller --onefile --add-data "static;static" --add-data "templates;templates" manage.py
     

   • Or generate a .spec file, edit it to include your project’s files, then build from that:

     pyinstaller --name my_django_app manage.py
     

     Open the generated my_django_app.spec file, add your static/template paths to the datas list, then run:

     pyinstaller my_django_app.spec
     

3. The final executable in the dist folder will include everything users need to run your Django app—no Python installs required.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者piyush salunke