Jupyter Notebook启动内核失败：[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定文件
2026-4-14
Jupyter Notebook启动内核失败：[WinError 2] 系统找不到指定文件
问题描述
我在PC上安装了Python 3.12.5后，通过pip install notebook安装了Jupyter Notebook。运行jupyter notebook能正常打开界面，但尝试创建新的Notebook使用时，弹出了内核启动失败的错误：
界面错误描述：界面显示“Kernel error”提示，说明无法启动Python内核，下方有查看日志详情的选项。
同时命令提示符中输出的错误日志如下：
[E 2024-12-11 02:52:25.760 ServerApp] [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 87, in wrapper out = await method(self, *args, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 439, in _async_start_kernel await self._async_launch_kernel(kernel_cmd, **kw) File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 354, in _async_launch_kernel connection_info = await self.provisioner.launch_kernel(kernel_cmd, **kw) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\provisioning\local_provisioner.py", line 210, in launch_kernel self.process = launch_kernel(cmd, **scrubbed_kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\launcher.py", line 170, in launch_kernel raise ex File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\launcher.py", line 155, in launch_kernel proc = Popen(cmd, **kwargs) # noqa ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1026, in __init__ self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds, File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1538, in _execute_child hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified [E 2024-12-11 02:52:25.766 ServerApp] [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\multikernelmanager.py", line 232, in _add_kernel_when_ready await kernel_awaitable File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_core\utils\__init__.py", line 198, in ensure_async result = await obj ^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\kernels\kernelmanager.py", line 784, in wrapped_method raise err File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\kernels\kernelmanager.py", line 748, in wrapped_method out = await method(self, *args, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\kernels\kernelmanager.py", line 853, in start_kernel return await super().start_kernel(*args, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 96, in wrapper raise e File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 87, in wrapper out = await method(self, *args, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 439, in _async_start_kernel await self._async_launch_kernel(kernel_cmd, **kw) File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 354, in _async_launch_kernel connection_info = await self.provisioner.launch_kernel(kernel_cmd, **kw) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\provisioning\local_provisioner.py", line 210, in launch_kernel self.process = launch_kernel(cmd, **scrubbed_kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\launcher.py", line 170, in launch_kernel raise ex File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\launcher.py", line 155, in launch_kernel proc = Popen(cmd, **kwargs) # noqa ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1026, in __init__ self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds, File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1538, in _execute_child hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified [W 2024-12-11 02:52:25.772 ServerApp] 500 POST /api/sessions?1733860345564 (::1): [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified [W 2024-12-11 02:52:25.773 ServerApp] wrote error: '[WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified' Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\sessions\handlers.py", line 90, in post s_model = await sm.create_session( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\sessions\sessionmanager.py", line 285, in create_session kernel_id = await self.start_kernel_for_session( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\sessions\sessionmanager.py", line 343, in start_kernel_for_session kernel_id = await self.kernel_manager.start_kernel( ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\kernels\kernelmanager.py", line 233, in _async_start_kernel kernel_id = await self.pinned_superclass._async_start_kernel(self, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\multikernelmanager.py", line 283, in _async_start_kernel raise km.ready.exception() # type: ignore[misc] ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\multikernelmanager.py", line 232, in _add_kernel_when_ready await kernel_awaitable File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_core\utils\__init__.py", line 198, in ensure_async result = await obj ^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\kernels\kernelmanager.py", line 784, in wrapped_method raise err File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\kernels\kernelmanager.py", line 748, in wrapped_method out = await method(self, *args, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_server\services\kernels\kernelmanager.py", line 853, in start_kernel return await super().start_kernel(*args, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 96, in wrapper raise e File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 87, in wrapper out = await method(self, *args, **kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 439, in _async_start_kernel await self._async_launch_kernel(kernel_cmd, **kw) File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\manager.py", line 354, in _async_launch_kernel connection_info = await self.provisioner.launch_kernel(kernel_cmd, **kw) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\provisioning\local_provisioner.py", line 210, in launch_kernel self.process = launch_kernel(cmd, **scrubbed_kwargs) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\launcher.py", line 170, in launch_kernel raise ex File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\site-packages\jupyter_client\launcher.py", line 155, in launch_kernel proc = Popen(cmd, **kwargs) # noqa ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1026, in __init__ self._execute_child(args, executable, preexec_fn, close_fds, File "C:\Program Files\Python312\Lib\subprocess.py", line 1538, in _execute_child hp, ht, pid, tid = _winapi.CreateProcess(executable, args, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ FileNotFoundError: [WinError 2] The system cannot find the file specified
解决方案
嘿，这个问题我之前帮同事解决过，本质就是Jupyter找不到Python内核的执行路径，给你几个靠谱的解决步骤：
重新注册Python内核
最常见的原因是Jupyter的内核配置指向了错误的路径，执行下面的命令重新注册内核：# 先升级ipykernel组件 pip install --upgrade ipykernel # 将当前Python版本注册为Jupyter可用的内核 python -m ipykernel install --user --name=python312 --display-name="Python 3.12"完成后重启Jupyter，选择刚注册的
Python 3.12内核试试。检查Python环境变量
有时候Python的安装目录没加到系统环境变量里，导致Jupyter找不到：- 右键「此电脑」→「属性」→「高级系统设置」→「环境变量」
- 在系统变量的
Path中添加C:\Program Files\Python312\和C:\Program Files\Python312\Scripts\ - 重启命令提示符和Jupyter再尝试
使用虚拟环境隔离依赖
Python 3.12和Jupyter的部分组件可能存在兼容性冲突，用虚拟环境可以彻底解决：# 创建一个专门给Jupyter用的虚拟环境 python -m venv jupyter_env # 激活虚拟环境（Windows命令提示符下执行） jupyter_env\Scripts\activate # 在虚拟环境中安装Jupyter和内核 pip install notebook ipykernel # 启动Jupyter jupyter notebook这个干净的环境几乎能解决所有路径相关的问题。
备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者lokalhangatt
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