Maven打包Jar无法包含依赖库（如SLF4J）的问题求助及相关文档查询

大家好，我最近在做一个简单的Maven项目，一开始跟着入门指南创建的项目运行完全正常——执行java -cp target/log2json2db-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar org.company.com.log2json2db.App能顺利输出"Hello World"。

后来我给项目加了一些依赖，比如Hibernate、MySQL驱动、Log4J还有SLF4J之类的，还在代码里加了日志相关的代码：

private static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(App.class);

之后我执行mvn clean package生成了Jar包，但问题来了：这个Jar里并没有包含SLF4J这些依赖库，当我再用之前的java命令运行时，直接抛出了错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: org/slf4j/LoggerFactory
        at org.company.com.log2json2db.App.<clinit>(App.java:10)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.slf4j.LoggerFactory

我查了Maven的依赖管理相关文档，但一直没搞清楚到底要修改什么配置才能把依赖库打包进生成的Jar里。想请教各位大佬，有没有对应的官方文档可以参考？另外具体要怎么操作才能解决这个问题呢？

附上我的pom.xml供大家参考：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <artifactId>hibernate-tutorials</artifactId>
        <groupId>org.hibernate.tutorials</groupId>
        <version>6.6.4.Final</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>org.company.com</groupId>
    <artifactId>log2json2db</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <name>log2json2db</name>
    <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
    <url>http://www.example.com</url>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.release>22</maven.compiler.release>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit-bom</artifactId>
                <version>5.11.0</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <!-- Optionally: parameterized tests support -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit-jupiter-params</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
            <version>6.6.4.Final</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.20</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.24.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
            <version>2.24.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.0.16</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j-slf4j2-impl</artifactId>
            <version>2.24.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.api-client</groupId>
            <artifactId>google-api-client-gson</artifactId>
            <version>RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven
            defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
            <plugins>
                <!-- clean lifecycle, see
                https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#clean_Lifecycle -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.4.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- default lifecycle, jar packaging: see
                https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_jar_packaging -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.3.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.13.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.3.0</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.4.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.1.2</version>
                </plugin>
                <!-- site lifecycle, see
                https://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/lifecycles.html#site_Lifecycle -->
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.12.1</version>
                </plugin>
                <plugin>
                    <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                    <version>3.6.1</version>
                </plugin>
            </plugins>
        </pluginManagement>
    </build>
</project>

UPDATE
后来我按照建议添加了Maven Shade插件，配置代码如下：

<plugin>
    <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
    <artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
    <version>3.6.0</version>
    <configuration>
    </configuration>
    <executions>
        <execution>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
                <goal>shade</goal>
            </goals>
        </execution>
    </executions>
</plugin>

另外需要注意的是，我还得取消pluginManagement对这个插件的限制（也就是把插件配置移到pluginManagement外面），这样Shade插件才能正常生效。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者learner