如何将Python 2.7代码转换为Linux可执行文件（类似gcc编译方式）

Hey there! If you're looking to convert your Python 2.7 script into a standalone Linux executable—similar to how gcc compiles a C file into a runnable binary—you've got a couple of solid tools to choose from. Let's break them down step by step:

1. Using PyInstaller (Most Popular Option) #

PyInstaller packages your Python script and all its dependencies into a single executable file, which works without needing Python installed on the target machine.

Steps: #

• First, install a version of PyInstaller that supports Python 2.7 (newer versions dropped support for 2.7). Run:

  pip install pyinstaller==3.6
  

• Navigate to the directory where your Python script (say, my_script.py) is located.
• Run the packaging command:

  pyinstaller --onefile my_script.py
  

  The --onefile flag tells PyInstaller to bundle everything into a single executable. Without it, you'll get a folder with multiple files instead.
• Once it finishes, you'll find your executable in the dist subdirectory. Run it like any other Linux binary:

  ./dist/my_script
  

Notes: #

• Make sure all third-party libraries your script uses are installed in your Python 2.7 environment—PyInstaller will bundle them into the executable.
• For best results, package the executable on the same Linux distribution/architecture you plan to run it on (this avoids compatibility issues with system libraries).

2. Using cx_Freeze #

cx_Freeze is another reliable tool that freezes Python scripts into executables, and it also supports Python 2.7.

Steps: #

• Install a compatible version of cx_Freeze:

  pip install cx_Freeze==5.1.1
  

• Create a setup.py file in the same directory as your script. Here's a template you can adapt:

  import sys
  from cx_Freeze import setup, Executable
  
  # Replace with your script's filename
  target_script = "my_script.py"
  
  # No base is needed for Linux executables
  base = None
  if sys.platform == "linux":
      base = None
  
  executables = [Executable(target_script, base=base)]
  
  # Configure the build setup
  setup(
      name="MyApp",
      version="1.0",
      description="My Python 2.7 Application",
      executables=executables
  )
  

• Run the build command:

  python setup.py build
  

• Your executable will be in a subfolder under the build directory (e.g., build/exe.linux-x86_64-2.7/my_script). Run it with:

  ./build/exe.linux-x86_64-2.7/my_script
  

A Quick Note on Shebang (Not True "Compilation") #

If you don't need a fully standalone executable and just want to run the script directly like a binary, you can add a shebang line at the very top of your Python script:

#!/usr/bin/env python2.7

Then make it executable with:

chmod +x my_script.py

You can run it with ./my_script.py, but this requires Python 2.7 to be installed on the target system—it's not a compiled binary like the outputs from the tools above.

Important Reminder #

Python 2.7 has been end-of-life since 2020, so if possible, consider upgrading to Python 3 for better security and long-term support. But if you're stuck with 2.7 for now, the tools above should get the job done.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Goten Black