如何在Rails中不使用gem发送HTML表单数据至邮箱？

Hey there! Since you're new to Rails and want to keep your existing form styling intact, we can set up a custom email handler without relying on form-building gems. Here's a step-by-step guide tailored to your setup:

First, Rails requires CSRF protection to secure form submissions. Make sure your layout file (app/views/layouts/application.html.erb) has this in the <head> section:

<%= csrf_meta_tags %>

Then tweak your form tag to point to a dedicated Rails route and disable Turbo (to avoid AJAX conflicts if you're using Rails 7+):

<form method="post" name="frmContentDownload" action="<%= contact_path %>" data-turbo="false">

Your existing form fields can stay exactly as they are—no changes needed to their styling or names!

Add a POST route in config/routes.rb to map form submissions to a controller action:

post '/contact', to: 'contacts#create', as: 'contact'

Generate a lightweight controller to handle form data and trigger emails:

rails generate controller Contacts create --skip-assets --skip-helper --skip-template-engine

Open app/controllers/contacts_controller.rb and replace its content with this:

class ContactsController < ApplicationController
  def create
    # Grab form data using your existing field names
    contact_info = contact_params
    @first_name = contact_info[:FirstName1]
    @last_name = contact_info[:LastName1]
    @email = contact_info[:emailAddress]
    @phone = contact_info[:PhoneNumber]
    @title = contact_info[:Title1]
    @state = contact_info[:StateProvince1]
    @comments = contact_info[:comments]

    # Send the email
    ContactMailer.send_message(
      first_name: @first_name,
      last_name: @last_name,
      email: @email,
      phone: @phone,
      title: @title,
      state: @state,
      comments: @comments
    ).deliver_now

    # Redirect back with success feedback
    flash[:success] = "Your message was sent successfully! We'll reach out soon."
    redirect_to root_path
  rescue StandardError => e
    # Handle any errors gracefully
    flash[:error] = "Oops, something went wrong. Please try again later."
    redirect_to root_path
  end

  private
  # Strong parameters to secure form data (Rails best practice)
  def contact_params
    params.permit(:FirstName1, :LastName1, :emailAddress, :PhoneNumber, :Title1, :StateProvince1, :comments)
  end
end

Generate a mailer to craft and send the contact email:

rails generate mailer ContactMailer send_message

Update app/mailers/contact_mailer.rb to define the email logic:

class ContactMailer < ApplicationMailer
  default from: 'noreply-your-app@herokuapp.com' # Use a generic app email

  def send_message(args)
    @first_name = args[:first_name]
    @last_name = args[:last_name]
    @email = args[:email]
    @phone = args[:phone]
    @title = args[:title]
    @state = args[:state]
    @comments = args[:comments]

    # Send the email to YOUR personal inbox
    mail(
      to: 'your-email@example.com', # Replace with your actual email
      subject: "New Contact Form Submission: #{@first_name} #{@last_name}",
      reply_to: @email # Let you reply directly to the sender
    )
  end
end

Next, create the email templates:

• For HTML emails: Open app/views/contact_mailer/send_message.html.erb and add:

<h1>New Contact Form Submission</h1>
<p><strong>Full Name:</strong> <%= @first_name %> <%= @last_name %></p>
<p><strong>Email:</strong> <%= @email %></p>
<p><strong>Phone:</strong> <%= @phone %></p>
<p><strong>Title:</strong> <%= @title %></p>
<p><strong>Country/State:</strong> <%= @state %></p>
<p><strong>Comments:</strong> <%= @comments %></p>

• For plain-text fallback: Create app/views/contact_mailer/send_message.text.erb with:

New Contact Form Submission

Full Name: <%= @first_name %> <%= @last_name %>
Email: <%= @email %>
Phone: <%= @phone %>
Title: <%= @title %>
Country/State: <%= @state %>
Comments: <%= @comments %>

Development Environment #

Use the letter_opener gem to preview emails locally without sending them:

1. Add to your Gemfile:

gem 'letter_opener', group: :development

2. Run bundle install
3. Update config/environments/development.rb:

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :letter_opener
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: 'localhost', port: 3000 }

Now when you submit the form locally, a browser tab will open with the email preview.

Production (Heroku) #

Use SendGrid's free tier to send emails from Heroku:

1. Add the SendGrid add-on via Heroku CLI:

heroku addons:create sendgrid:starter

2. Update config/environments/production.rb:

config.action_mailer.delivery_method = :smtp
config.action_mailer.smtp_settings = {
  address: 'smtp.sendgrid.net',
  port: 587,
  domain: 'herokuapp.com',
  user_name: ENV['SENDGRID_USERNAME'],
  password: ENV['SENDGRID_PASSWORD'],
  authentication: :plain,
  enable_starttls_auto: true
}
config.action_mailer.default_url_options = { host: 'gastromend.herokuapp.com' }

Heroku auto-sets the SENDGRID_USERNAME and SENDGRID_PASSWORD environment variables, so no manual input needed.

To let users know their submission worked, add flash messages to your layout (application.html.erb):

<% if flash[:success] %>
  <div class="alert alert-success"><%= flash[:success] %></div>
<% end %>
<% if flash[:error] %>
  <div class="alert alert-danger"><%= flash[:error] %></div>
<% end %>

• Local: Start your server with rails s, submit the form, and check the letter_opener preview.
• Production: Push your code to Heroku with git push heroku main, then test the form on your live app.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者weng tee