能否在同一张SD卡为Raspberry Pi 3 Model B安装双系统？

Absolutely, you can run both Windows 10 IoT Core and Raspberry Pi OS (formerly Raspbian) on your single 32GB SD card for the Raspberry Pi 3 Model B—you just need to set up a multi-boot configuration. Let’s break down how to pull this off, plus critical considerations to avoid headaches:

Quick Background to Know First #

• Raspberry Pi OS uses a straightforward layout: a small FAT32 boot partition + an ext4 root partition for the main system files.
• Windows 10 IoT Core relies on a more complex set of FAT32 partitions (for boot, system, and recovery) that’s different from standard Linux setups.
• The core goal is getting the Pi’s built-in bootloader to recognize both OSes and let you pick which one to launch at startup.

Step-by-Step Multi-Boot Setup #

1. Prep Your SD Card #

Start by wiping the entire SD card clean using a tool like diskpart (Windows) or gparted (Linux). Use a GPT partition table (IoT Core works best with this, though MBR can function too) to ensure compatibility.

2. Install One OS First #

Pick either OS to install initially—order doesn’t matter, but let’s start with Raspberry Pi OS:

• Use the official Raspberry Pi Imager to flash the OS to the SD card.
• Don’t boot the Pi yet; instead, mount the SD card on your desktop/laptop to tweak boot files later.

3. Add the Second OS #

Next, install Windows 10 IoT Core without overwriting the existing Raspberry Pi OS partitions:

• Grab the official Windows 10 IoT Core image for Raspberry Pi 3 B from Microsoft’s resources.
• Use tools like dism or the IoT Core Dashboard to write the image to the unallocated space left on the SD card. Double-check you’re not overwriting the Raspberry Pi OS partitions here—this is easy to mess up!

4. Configure the Boot Menu #

This is the make-or-break step. You’ll need to edit the Pi’s boot config to add a selectable menu:

• Mount the main FAT32 boot partition (the one containing bootcode.bin and config.txt).
• Open config.txt in a text editor and add entries for both OSes. Here’s a basic example (adjust filenames if your OS versions use different ones):

  # Multi-boot menu setup
  menuentry "Raspberry Pi OS" {
      kernel=kernel8.img
      initramfs initrd.img followkernel
  }
  menuentry "Windows 10 IoT Core" {
      kernel=bootx64.efi
  }
  

• If either OS’s boot files aren’t accessible from the main boot partition, copy the necessary files (like the kernel or EFI boot loader) over to it.

5. Test Your Setup #

Pop the SD card into your Pi 3 B and power it on. You should see a boot menu letting you choose which OS to launch. If one fails to boot, double-check the file paths and filenames in your config.txt—small typos are a common culprit.

Key Things to Keep in Mind #

• Storage Space: 32GB is more than enough—Raspberry Pi OS needs at least 4GB, IoT Core around 8GB, leaving plenty of room for both and your projects.
• Bootloader Updates: If you run into boot issues, make sure your Pi’s bootloader (the bootcode.bin file) is up to date—newer versions handle multi-boot more reliably.
• Backup First: Always back up any existing data on the SD card before starting—partition mistakes can wipe everything.
• SD Card Wear: Running two OSes won’t hurt performance when using one at a time, but expect slightly higher wear since both will write to the card over time.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Mohan raj