使用Flask与Spotipy开发Spotify推荐系统时遭遇SpotifyException 403错误的排查求助

大家好，我正在用Flask和Spotipy开发一个Spotify推荐系统，核心功能是根据用户在HTML表单输入的艺术家生成20首推荐歌曲。一周前代码还能完美运行，没报任何错误，但这几天继续开发的时候，突然开始触发SpotifyException，怎么都绕不过去——关键是这段时间我完全没修改过相关代码啊！

错误信息详情 #

• 浏览器中显示的错误：

spotipy.exceptions.SpotifyException: http status: 403, code:-1 - https://api.spotify.com/v1/audio-features/?ids=1BxfuPKGuaTgP7aM0Bbdwr,2OzhQlSqBEmt7hmkYxfT6m,4q5YezDOIPcoLr8R81x9qy,3hUxzQpSfdDqwM3ZTFQY0K,4R2kfaDFhslZEMJqAFNpdd,1dGr1c8CrMLDpV6mPbImSI,1R0a2iXumgCiFb7HEZ7gUE,0V3wPSX9ygBnCm8psDIegu,1u8c2t2Cy7UBoG4ArRcF5g,0W0iAC1VGlB82PI6elxFYf: None, reason: None

• 控制台输出的错误：

HTTP Error for GET to https://api.spotify.com/v1/audio-features/?ids=1BxfuPKGuaTgP7aM0Bbdwr,2OzhQlSqBEmt7hmkYxfT6m,4q5YezDOIPcoLr8R81x9qy,3hUxzQpSfdDqwM3ZTFQY0K,4R2kfaDFhslZEMJqAFNpdd,1dGr1c8CrMLDpV6mPbImSI,1R0a2iXumgCiFb7HEZ7gUE,0V3wPSX9ygBnCm8psDIegu,1u8c2t2Cy7UBoG4ArRcF5g,0W0iAC1VGlB82PI6elxFYf with Params: {} returned 403 due to None

• 直接点击API调用链接返回的结果：

{
    "error": {
        "status": 401,
        "message": "No token provided"
    }
}

相关代码片段 #

app.py中的初始化与认证相关代码

app = Flask(__name__)
app.jinja_env.globals.update(zip=zip)
app.secret_key = 'secret-key'

CLIENT_ID = 'client-id'
CLIENT_SECRET = 'client-secret'
REDIRECT_URI = 'http://localhost:5000/callback'

AUTH_URL = 'https://accounts.spotify.com/authorize'
TOKEN_URL = 'https://accounts.spotify.com/api/token'
API_BASE_URL = 'https://api.spotify.com/v1/'

sp = spotipy.Spotify(auth_manager=SpotifyClientCredentials(client_id=CLIENT_ID, client_secret=CLIENT_SECRET))

...

@app.route('/login')
def login():
   scope = 'user-read-private user-read-email user-library-read user-top-read'
   params = {
      'client_id': CLIENT_ID,
      'response_type': 'code',
      'scope': scope,
      'redirect_uri': REDIRECT_URI,
      'show_dialog': True # set to False after testing
   }

   auth_url = f"{AUTH_URL}?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}"
   return redirect(auth_url)

@app.route('/callback')
def callback():
   if 'error' in request.args:
      return jsonify({"error": request.args['error']})
   
   # Login successful
   if 'code' in request.args:
      # Build request body with data to be sent to Spotify to get access token
      req_body = {
         'code': request.args['code'],
         'grant_type': 'authorization_code',
         'redirect_uri': REDIRECT_URI,
         'client_id': CLIENT_ID,
         'client_secret': CLIENT_SECRET
      }

      response = requests.post(TOKEN_URL, data=req_body)
      token_info = response.json()

      session['access_token'] = token_info['access_token']
      session['refresh_token'] = token_info['refresh_token']
      session['expires_at'] = datetime.now().timestamp() + token_info['expires_in']
      # Access token only lasts for 1 day

      # Fetch user profile
      user_profile = requests.get(API_BASE_URL + 'me', headers={'Authorization': f"Bearer {token_info['access_token']}"})
      user_info = user_profile.json()

      # Store additional user profile data in session
      session['user_name'] = user_info['display_name']
      session['user_id'] = user_info['id']
      session['user_email'] = user_info['email']
      session['user_uri'] = user_info['uri']
      session['user_link'] = user_info['external_urls']['spotify']
      session['user_image'] = user_info['images'][0]['url'] if user_info.get('images') else None

      return redirect(url_for('home'))

@app.route('/refresh-token')
def refresh_token():
   # Check if refresh token is NOT in the session, redirect to login
   if 'refresh_token' not in session:
      return redirect(url_for('login'))
   
   # If access token is expired, make a request to get a fresh one
   if datetime.now().timestamp() > session['expires_at']:
      req_body = {
         'grant_type': 'refresh_token',
         'refresh_token': session['refresh_token'],
         'client_id': CLIENT_ID,
         'client_secret': CLIENT_SECRET
      }
   
      response = requests.post(TOKEN_URL, data=req_body)
      new_token_info = response.json()

      # Override the access token we had before
      session['access_token'] = new_token_info['access_token']
      session['expires_at'] = datetime.now().timestamp() + new_token_info['expires_in']

      return redirect(url_for('recommend'))

推荐功能的核心路由代码

@app.route('/new_user_recommendations', methods=['POST'])
def new_user_recommendations():
   # Ensure the user is logged in
   if 'access_token' not in session:
      return jsonify({"error": "Please log in to use this feature"}), 401

   # Retrieve artist names from the form
   artist_names = [request.form.get(f'artist{i}') for i in range(1, 4)]

   # Key mapping for human-readable keys
   key_mapping = ['C', 'C#', 'D', 'D#', 'E', 'F', 'F#', 'G', 'G#', 'A', 'A#', 'B']

   # Validate and fetch artist IDs
   seed_artists = []
   input_audio_features = []
   for artist_name in artist_names:
      if not artist_name:
         return jsonify({"error": f"Missing artist name for input {artist_names.index(artist_name) + 1}"}), 400
      
      search_result = sp.search(f'artist:"{artist_name}"', type='artist', limit=1)
      if search_result['artists']['items']:
         artist_id = search_result['artists']['items'][0]['id']
         seed_artists.append(artist_id)

         # Fetch top tracks and audio features for the artist
         top_tracks = sp.artist_top_tracks(artist_id)['tracks']
         track_ids = [track['id'] for track in top_tracks]
         audio_features = sp.audio_features(track_ids)

         # Average the features for visualization
         normalized_features = {
               'tempo': np.mean([feat['tempo'] for feat in audio_features if feat]),
               'energy': np.mean([feat['energy'] for feat in audio_features if feat]),
               'danceability': np.mean([feat['danceability'] for feat in audio_features if feat]),
               'valence': np.mean([feat['valence'] for feat in audio_features if feat])
         }
         input_audio_features.append(normalized_features)
      else:
         return jsonify({"error": f"Artist '{artist_name}' not found"}), 404

   # Validate that we have enough artists
   if len(seed_artists) < 1:
      return jsonify({"error": "No valid artists found for recommendations"}), 400

   # Construct the API request
   headers = {
      'Authorization': f"Bearer {session['access_token']}"
   }
   params = {
      'seed_artists': ','.join(seed_artists),
      'limit': 20
   }
   # Add dynamic target features as needed, e.g., tempo, danceability
   # params['target_tempo'] = 120

   url = f'https://api.spotify.com/v1/recommendations?{urllib.parse.urlencode(params)}'

   try:
      response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
      response.raise_for_status()
      recommendations = response.json()

      # Process recommendations
      recommended_tracks = []
      for track in recommendations.get('tracks', []):
         # Fetch the genres for each artist in the track
         track_genres = []
         for artist in track['artists']:
            artist_id = artist['id']
            artist_info = sp.artist(artist_id)
            artist_genres = artist_info.get('genres', [])
            track_genres.extend(artist_genres)

         recommended_tracks.append({
            'track_name': track['name'],
            'artists': ', '.join(artist['name'] for artist in track['artists']),
            'album_name': track['album']['name'],
            'popularity': track['popularity'],
            'preview_url': track['preview_url'],
            'genres': track_genres,  # Add genres to the track
            'id': track.get('id')
         })

      # Fetch audio features for recommended tracks
      recommendation_ids = [track['id'] for track in recommended_tracks if track['id']]
      rec_audio_features = sp.audio_features(recommendation_ids)
      recommended_audio_features = [
         {
            'tempo': round(feat['tempo']),
            'key': key_mapping[feat['key']],
            'energy': feat['energy'],
            'danceability': feat['danceability'],
            'valence': feat['valence']
         }
         for feat in rec_audio_features if feat
      ]

      if not recommended_tracks:
         return jsonify({"error": "No recommendations found. Try with different artists"}), 404

      # Render the template
      return render_template(
         'new_user.html',
         recommendations=recommended_tracks,
         input_features=input_audio_features,
         recommendation_features=recommended_audio_features
      )

   except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
      return jsonify({"error": f"Error fetching recommendations: {str(e)}"}), 500

报错位置 #

根据Traceback，错误出现在new_user_recommendations函数的这一行（对应文件行号358）：

audio_features = sp.audio_features(track_ids)

已尝试的解决方法 #

我已经试过删除原来的Spotify开发者应用，新建了一个并替换了Client ID和Client Secret，但问题依然没有解决。

实在搞不清问题根源在哪了，有没有大佬能帮忙分析下原因或者给点排查方向？

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Joely