如何在Windows的CLion中复刻Ubuntu 16.04的C语言开发环境？

Hey there, I’ve walked several developers through setting up this exact environment for cross-platform C projects, so let’s get your Ubuntu 16.04 GCC 5.4.0 setup running smoothly in CLion on Windows 10 Pro. The most reliable way to mirror your production environment is using WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) since it lets you run a native Ubuntu 16.04 instance directly on Windows—no messy cross-compiler hacks needed.

第一步：安装Ubuntu 16.04 WSL镜像 #

• Open the Microsoft Store, search for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, and install it. If it’s not available in the Store, you can manually download the image from Microsoft’s archives and import it via PowerShell, but the Store method is way simpler.
• Launch the Ubuntu 16.04 app, set up your username and password when prompted.
• Update the package list and install GCC 5.4.0 along with build tools:

  sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
  sudo apt install gcc-5 g++-5 make -y
  

• Set GCC 5 as the default compiler to match your production environment:

  sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-5 100
  sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-5 100
  

• Verify the setup by running gcc --version—you should see gcc (Ubuntu 5.4.0-6ubuntu1~16.04.5) 5.4.0 20160609 printed out.

第二步：配置CLion使用WSL工具链 #

• Open CLion, go to File > Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Toolchains (or Settings > Build, Execution, Deployment > Toolchains on newer versions).
• Click the + button at the top left, select WSL from the dropdown.
• In the WSL configuration window, choose your installed Ubuntu 16.04 instance from the dropdown. CLion will automatically detect the GCC, G++, and Make tools from your WSL environment—double-check that the paths point to /usr/bin/gcc-5, /usr/bin/g++-5, and /usr/bin/make.
• Set this WSL toolchain as the default by clicking the star icon next to it.

第三步：导入项目并验证环境 #

• Copy your existing game project files into the WSL filesystem (e.g., /home/your-username/game-project/). You can access this path from Windows via \\wsl$\Ubuntu-16.04\home\your-username\game-project if you prefer to copy files through File Explorer.
• In CLion, select File > Open and navigate to the WSL path of your project (CLion will recognize WSL paths automatically).
• Build your project and compare the output to your Ubuntu production environment. If you run into any path-related errors, make sure your code uses relative paths instead of absolute Ubuntu paths—CLion will handle the path mapping between WSL and Windows automatically.

备选方案：手动编译MinGW-w64 GCC 5.4.0（不推荐） #

If you absolutely can’t use WSL, you can compile GCC 5.4.0 for MinGW-w64, but this is much more error-prone. You’ll need to download the GCC 5.4.0 source code, install MinGW-w64 build dependencies, and compile it manually. This method often leads to compatibility issues with system libraries, so WSL is strongly preferred for an exact environment match.

关键注意事项 #

• WSL Version: Ubuntu 16.04 works best with WSL 1, as WSL 2’s virtualized kernel can cause minor compatibility issues with older Ubuntu releases. To switch to WSL 1, open PowerShell and run:

  wsl --set-version Ubuntu-16.04 1
  

• CLion Compatibility: Make sure you’re using CLion 2020.1 or newer—older versions have limited WSL support.
• Library Dependencies: If your game uses any system libraries (like SDL, SFML, etc.), install them in your WSL Ubuntu 16.04 instance using sudo apt install just like you did on your production server.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Fastidious