Ubuntu MATE 17.10多次出现initramfs错误及系统异常求助

Hey there! Let's work through this problem together—it sounds like your Ubuntu MATE 17.10 system is dealing with some persistent filesystem issues that are starting to spill over into other parts like your network and sudo access. Let's break this down step by step to fix both the immediate problems and the root cause.

The repeated initramfs errors and need for fsck are red flags that your filesystem is either corrupted or your disk has underlying hardware issues. Here's how to diagnose and fix this:

• First, check your disk's health. Install the smart monitoring tool with sudo apt install smartmontools (if sudo works, or use /usr/bin/sudo if the command isn't recognized). Then run:

  sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda
  

  Replace /dev/sda with your main disk identifier (use lsblk to find it if unsure). Look for Reallocated_Sector_Ct or Current_Pending_Sector values greater than 0—this means your disk has bad sectors, and you should back up data immediately and consider replacing the disk.
• If the disk checks out, perform a full filesystem check from a live environment (use an Ubuntu MATE 17.10 USB installer, select "Try Ubuntu without installing"). Once in live mode:
  1. Identify your root partition with lsblk (look for the partition labeled / in your normal system).
  2. Run fsck on that partition (replace /dev/sda1 with your actual root partition):

     sudo fsck /dev/sda1
     

  This avoids the limitations of running fsck on a mounted filesystem, which can miss corruption.

This is likely either a broken PATH environment variable or a corrupted sudo binary:

• Try running sudo with its absolute path first: /usr/bin/sudo. If this works, your PATH is messed up. Reset it to the default with:

  export PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
  

  Then edit your ~/.bashrc or /etc/profile to remove any lines that might be overriding the PATH, and restart your terminal.
• If /usr/bin/sudo doesn't work, the binary is probably corrupted. Use the live environment again:
  1. Mount your root partition to /mnt (replace /dev/sda1):

     sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
     

  2. Reinstall sudo to repair the binary:

     sudo dpkg --root=/mnt reinstall sudo
     

The missing WiFi icon and no internet are likely side effects of filesystem corruption affecting network configs or drivers:

• First, check if the NetworkManager service is running. Use the absolute path for sudo if needed:

  /usr/bin/sudo systemctl status NetworkManager
  

  If it's not active, start it and enable it on boot:

  /usr/bin/sudo systemctl start NetworkManager
  /usr/bin/sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager
  

• Check your wireless driver. Identify your network card with:

  lspci | grep Network
  

  Install the appropriate driver for your card. For example, Broadcom cards often need bcmwl-kernel-source:

  /usr/bin/sudo apt install bcmwl-kernel-source
  

• Reset corrupted network configurations:

  /usr/bin/sudo rm /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/*
  /usr/bin/sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
  

  Then re-add your WiFi network manually.

• Avoid forced shutdowns (holding the power button)—this is the most common cause of filesystem corruption.
• Schedule regular disk health checks with smartctl to catch hardware issues early.
• If you found bad sectors on your disk, mark them as unusable to prevent the system from writing to them:

  sudo badblocks -v /dev/sda > badblocks.txt
  sudo e2fsck -l badblocks.txt /dev/sda1
  

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nahid