Selenium Python：使用Chrome配置文件时驱动初始化异常导致后续操作失败

我之前写了一段Python Selenium代码，目的是在多台Windows用户电脑上直接调用Chrome默认配置文件（这样用户无需重新登录Google账号），这段代码运行了一段时间都很稳定：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service
import os

chrome_options = Options()
user_data_dir = os.path.expanduser("~\\AppData\\Local\\Google\\Chrome\\User Data").replace("\\","/")  

chrome_options.add_argument(f"--user-data-dir={user_data_dir}")
chrome_options.add_argument("--profile-directory=Default")
chrome_options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-pipe")
chrome_options.add_argument("--enable-logging")
chrome_options.add_argument("--log-level=0")

service = Service(executable_path="chromedriver.exe")

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)

driver.get('http://www.stackoverflow.com')

问题出现的变化 #

之前我的Chrome浏览器版本是133，但配套用的是ChromeDriver131——虽然运行时会弹出几条USB相关的错误日志，但驱动仍能正常初始化，后续的页面操作也能正常执行。

最近我把ChromeDriver升级到133以匹配Chrome版本，结果现在运行代码时，Chrome窗口能正常打开并加载默认配置文件，但后续任何操作都无法执行，错误日志也变多了，最终会抛出超时异常。

完整错误日志 #

[15784:6412:0219/110942.360:ERROR:usb_descriptors.cc(146)] Failed to read length for configuration 1.
[15784:6412:0219/110942.360:ERROR:usb_descriptors.cc(105)] Failed to read all configuration descriptors. Expected 2, got 1.
[15784:6412:0219/110942.361:ERROR:device_event_log_impl.cc(199)] [11:09:42.362] USB: usb_device_win.cc:95 Failed to read descriptors from \\?\usb#vid_0bda&pid_8153#000001#{a5dcbf10-6530-11d2-901f-00c04fb951ed}.
[15784:9928:0219/110942.399:ERROR:connection_factory_impl.cc(434)] Failed to connect to MCS endpoint with error -111
Created TensorFlow Lite XNNPACK delegate for CPU.
[15784:9928:0219/110943.601:ERROR:registration_request.cc(291)] Registration response error message: DEPRECATED_ENDPOINT
[15784:9928:0219/111004.433:ERROR:registration_request.cc(291)] Registration response error message: DEPRECATED_ENDPOINT
[2264:7264:0219/111012.233:ERROR:ssl_client_socket_impl.cc(877)] handshake failed; returned -1, SSL error code 1, net_error -100
[2264:7264:0219/111012.400:ERROR:ssl_client_socket_impl.cc(877)] handshake failed; returned -1, SSL error code 1, net_error -100
[15784:9928:0219/111012.400:ERROR:connection_factory_impl.cc(434)] Failed to connect to MCS endpoint with error -100
[15784:9928:0219/111052.482:ERROR:registration_request.cc(291)] Registration response error message: DEPRECATED_ENDPOINT
[15784:9928:0219/111053.654:ERROR:connection_factory_impl.cc(434)] Failed to connect to MCS endpoint with error -111
[15784:9852:0219/111151.138:ERROR:devtools_pipe_handler.cc(188)] Connection terminated while reading from pipe
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 534, in _make_request
    response = conn.getresponse()
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 516, in getresponse
    httplib_response = super().getresponse()
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\http\client.py", line 1428, in getresponse
    response.begin()
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\http\client.py", line 331, in begin
    version, status, reason = self._read_status()
                              ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\http\client.py", line 292, in _read_status
    line = str(self.fp.readline(_MAXLINE + 1), "iso-8859-1")
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\socket.py", line 719, in readinto
    return self._sock.recv_into(b)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^
TimeoutError: timed out

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\Documents\svg\test.py", line 24, in <module>
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chrome\webdriver.py", line 45, in __init__
    super().__init__(
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        browser_name=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME["browserName"],
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    ...<3 lines>...
        keep_alive=keep_alive,
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\chromium\webdriver.py", line 66, in __init__
    super().__init__(command_executor=executor, options=options)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 250, in __init__
    self.start_session(capabilities)
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 342, in start_session
    response = self.execute(Command.NEW_SESSION, caps)["value"]
               ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py", line 427, in execute
    response = self.command_executor.execute(driver_command, params)
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\remote_connection.py", line 404, in execute
    return self._request(command_info[0], url, body=data)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\remote_connection.py", line 428, in _request
    response = self._conn.request(method, url, body=body, headers=headers, timeout=self._client_config.timeout)
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\_request_methods.py", line 143, in request
    return self.request_encode_body(
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^
        method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw
        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    )
    ^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\_request_methods.py", line 278, in request_encode_body
    return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)
           ~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\poolmanager.py", line 443, in urlopen
    response = conn.urlopen(method, u.request_uri, **kw)
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 841, in urlopen
    retries = retries.increment(
        method, url, error=new_e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
    )
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 474, in increment
    raise reraise(type(error), error, _stacktrace)
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen
    response = self._make_request(
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
    raise value
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
          ~~~~~~~^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\util.py", line 39, in reraise
    raise value
  File "C:\Users\MyUser\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python313\Lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 787, in urlopen
    response = self._make_request(
        conn,
    ...<10 lines>

可尝试的解决方法 #

1. 彻底关闭Chrome相关进程 #

如果有其他Chrome窗口或后台进程占用默认配置文件，会导致驱动无法正常建立连接。打开任务管理器，结束所有chrome.exe和chromedriver.exe进程后，再重新运行代码。

2. 替换远程调试参数 #

新版ChromeDriver对--remote-debugging-pipe的兼容性可能存在问题，尝试换回传统的端口调试模式：

# 替换原有的--remote-debugging-pipe参数
chrome_options.add_argument("--remote-debugging-port=9222")

3. 复制配置文件到新路径 #

系统默认的Chrome用户数据目录可能存在权限限制，尝试将AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data复制到一个非系统目录（比如C:\Temp\ChromeUserData），然后修改代码中的路径：

user_data_dir = "C:/Temp/ChromeUserData"

4. 添加显式等待 #

升级后Chrome加载配置文件的时间可能变长，添加显式等待确保驱动完全初始化：

from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=service, options=chrome_options)
# 等待页面body元素加载完成，最多等待10秒
WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.TAG_NAME, "body")))
driver.get('http://www.stackoverflow.com')

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Deniz Terzioglu