Jest运行测试时在@kubernetes/client-node模块中遇到Unexpected Token 'export'错误求助

嘿，我来帮你搞定这个问题！你遇到的核心问题是@kubernetes/client-node从v1.0.0开始已经全面切换为ES模块输出了，但你的Jest配置还没跟上，没法正确解析它的export语法，导致测试跑不起来。

先理清楚你的场景：你在Node.js v22 + TypeScript环境下使用Jest 29.7.0，依赖@kubernetes/client-node ^1.0.0，运行测试时触发了如下错误：

FAIL  src/modules/_common/k8s/services/k8s-storage-class.service.test.ts
  ● Test suite failed to run

  Jest encountered an unexpected token

  Jest failed to parse a file. This happens e.g. when your code or its dependencies use non-standard JavaScript syntax, or when Jest is not configured to support such syntax.

  By default "node_modules" folder is ignored by transformers.

  Here's what you can do:
   • If you are trying to use ECMAScript Modules, see https://jestjs.io/docs/ecmascript-modules for how to enable it.
   • If you are trying to use TypeScript, see https://jestjs.io/docs/getting-started#using-typescript
   • To have some of your "node_modules" files transformed, you can specify a custom "transformIgnorePatterns" in your config.
   • If you need a custom transformation specify a "transform" option in your config.
   • If you simply want to mock your non-JS modules (e.g. binary assets) you can stub them out with the "moduleNameMapper" config option.

  You'll find more details and examples of these config options in the docs:
  https://jestjs.io/docs/configuration
  For information about custom transformations, see:
  https://jestjs.io/docs/code-transformation

  Details:

  D:\project\node_modules\@kubernetes\client-node\dist\index.js:1
  ({\"Object.<anonymous>\":function(module,exports,require,__dirname,__filename,jest){export * from './config.js';
                                                                                      ^^^^^^

  SyntaxError: Unexpected token 'export'
    at Runtime.createScriptFromCode (node_modules/jest-runtime/build/index.js:1505:14)
    at Object.<anonymous> (src/modules/_common/k8s/k8s.config.ts:2:1)
    at Object.<anonymous> (src/modules/_common/k8s/services/k8s-storage-class.service.test.ts:3:1)

你的现有tsconfig.json和jest.config配置如下：

tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "module": "commonjs",
    "target": "es2020",
    "allowJs": true,
    "outDir": "dist",
    "strict": true,
    "moduleResolution": "node",
    "esModuleInterop": true,
    "skipLibCheck": true
  }
}

jest config

{
    "verbose": true,
    "transform": {
      "^.+\\.tsx?$": "ts-jest",
      "^.+\\.js$": "babel-jest",
      "\\.(yaml|yml)$": "jest-yaml-transform",
      "node_modules/@kubernetes/client-node/dist/index.js": [
        "ts-jest",
        {
          "isolatedModules": true
        }
      ]
    },
    "transformIgnorePatterns": [
      "/node_modules/(?!@kubernetes/client-node)/",
      "/node_modules/(?!.*.js$)",
      "/dist/"
    ],
    "testEnvironment": "node",
    "testRegex": "(/__tests__/.*|(\\.|/)(test|spec))\\.(tsx?)$",
    "moduleNameMapper": {
      "^@root(.*)$": "<rootDir>$1",
      "^@configs(.*)$": "<rootDir>/configs$1",
      "^@constants(.*)$": "<rootDir>/src/constants$1",
      "^@common(.*)$": "<rootDir>/src/common$1",
      "^@core(.*)$": "<rootDir>/src/core$1",
      "^@middleware(.*)$": "<rootDir>/src/middleware$1",
      "^@modules(.*)$": "<rootDir>/src/modules$1",
      "^@utils(.*)$": "<rootDir>/src/utils$1"
    },
    "moduleFileExtensions": [
      "ts",
      "tsx",
      "js",
      "jsx",
      "json",
      "node"
    ],
    "setupFiles": [
      "./test.config.ts"
    ]
}

解决方案 #

你的配置里transformIgnorePatterns冗余且不够精准，transform里针对该包的配置也没必要这么复杂，我们可以通过以下几步调整：

1. 精简并修正transformIgnorePatterns
   把Jest配置里的transformIgnorePatterns改成：

"transformIgnorePatterns": [
  "/node_modules/(?!@kubernetes/client-node)"
]

这样Jest就会跳过所有node_modules里的包，除了@kubernetes/client-node，确保它会被转换处理。

2. 调整transform配置并补充Babel依赖
   简化transform配置，确保JS文件（包括第三方包的）能被正确转换：

"transform": {
  "^.+\\.tsx?$": "ts-jest",
  "^.+\\.js$": ["babel-jest", { "presets": ["@babel/preset-env"] }],
  "\\.(yaml|yml)$": "jest-yaml-transform"
}

同时需要安装必要的Babel依赖：

npm install --save-dev @babel/core @babel/preset-env babel-jest

3. 添加Babel配置文件
   在项目根目录新建babel.config.json，内容如下：

{
  "presets": [
    ["@babel/preset-env", { "targets": { "node": "current" } }]
  ]
}

这个配置会把ES模块语法转换为当前Node.js版本支持的CommonJS语法，让Jest能顺利解析。

4. 保持现有tsconfig的关键配置
   确保tsconfig.json里的esModuleInterop保持为true，这个配置能帮助TypeScript处理CommonJS和ES模块之间的互操作，避免额外的导入错误。

做完这些调整后，重新运行你的Jest测试，应该就能解决Unexpected token 'export'的问题了！

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Parameswar Mondal