Ubuntu 16.04更新NVIDIA驱动后黑屏，如何借助boot repair修复启动问题？

Hey there, let's work through this black screen issue you're facing after updating your NVIDIA driver on Ubuntu 16.04. The fact you can SSH in remotely is a huge win—we can leverage that to fix things step by step using Boot Repair, custom boot scripts, and adjustments to shimx64.efi. Let's dive in:

Since you mentioned errors when running sudo update-initramfs -u, this is likely the root of your boot-time graphics failure. Let's diagnose and resolve this first:

• First, check the initramfs logs to pinpoint the exact error:

  cat /var/log/initramfs-tools/*.log
  

  Look for lines mentioning NVIDIA module failures or missing files—this will tell us if the corrupted driver is blocking initramfs generation.
• If NVIDIA drivers are the culprit, purge all existing NVIDIA packages to clean up:

  sudo apt purge nvidia-*
  

• Now try regenerating the initramfs again:

  sudo update-initramfs -u
  

  If this runs successfully, you can try reinstalling a stable NVIDIA driver later. If not, move on to the next steps.

Boot Repair is a tool that automates most boot-related fixes, including repairing shimx64.efi and GRUB entries. Here's how to use it via SSH:

• Install Boot Repair from its PPA:

  sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
  sudo apt update && sudo apt install boot-repair
  

• First, gather boot info to understand the current state (this helps if we need to troubleshoot further):

  sudo boot-repair --boot-info
  

• Now run the core repair command to fix GRUB and EFI boot entries (this will reinstall GRUB and ensure shimx64.efi is properly configured):

  sudo boot-repair --reinstall-grub
  

• If you get an error about the EFI partition not being mounted, first locate your EFI partition (usually /dev/sda1—use sudo fdisk -l to confirm), then mount it:

  sudo mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi
  

  Re-run the boot repair command after mounting.

If Boot Repair doesn't resolve the black screen, we can modify the GRUB boot parameters to skip problematic graphics initialization:

• Edit the GRUB default configuration file:

  sudo nano /etc/default/grub
  

• Find the line starting with GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT and add nomodeset to bypass proprietary graphics drivers on boot. It should look like:

  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"
  

  Alternatively, if you want to force the open-source nouveau driver, use nouveau.modeset=1 nvidia.modeset=0 instead of nomodeset.
• Save the file (Ctrl+O, Enter) and exit (Ctrl+X), then update GRUB:

  sudo update-grub
  

• Reboot your machine—this should let you boot into a working graphical environment.

If the above steps don't fix the EFI boot issue, let's manually repair shimx64.efi (the EFI bootloader for Ubuntu with secure boot support):

• Ensure your EFI partition is mounted (as we did earlier: sudo mount /dev/sda1 /boot/efi).
• Reinstall the shim-signed package (which provides shimx64.efi):

  sudo apt install --reinstall shim-signed
  

• Reinstall GRUB to the EFI partition:

  sudo grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi --bootloader-id=ubuntu
  

• Check your EFI boot entries to make sure Ubuntu is set as the priority:

  sudo efibootmgr
  

• If Ubuntu isn't listed or isn't the first entry, add it manually (replace /dev/sda and 1 with your disk and EFI partition number):

  sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 1 -L "Ubuntu" -l "\EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi"
  

Once you can boot into the graphical interface again, let's install a reliable NVIDIA driver for Ubuntu 16.04:

• Purge any remaining NVIDIA packages:

  sudo apt purge nvidia-*
  

• Install the official stable driver for 16.04 (nvidia-384 is the LTS recommended driver):

  sudo apt install nvidia-384
  

• Regenerate the initramfs one last time:

  sudo update-initramfs -u
  

• Reboot your machine—this should give you a working system with the NVIDIA driver installed correctly.

Quick Notes #

• Always back up important files before running system repair commands.
• If you have Secure Boot enabled, you may need to disable it temporarily (in your BIOS/UEFI settings) or enroll the NVIDIA driver's signing key to avoid boot issues.
• If update-initramfs still fails, try deleting leftover NVIDIA module files manually:

  sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/video/nvidia*
  

  Then re-run sudo update-initramfs -u.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user3639557