是否存在不与引力相互作用的基本粒子（如暗物质不与电磁辐射作用）？能否不受影响进出黑洞？

Great question—this ties together particle physics, general relativity, and hypothetical physics in a really interesting way. Let’s unpack it step by step.

First, let’s ground this in what we know experimentally. Every fundamental particle in the Standard Model (quarks, leptons, bosons) is believed to interact with gravity. This is because even massless particles (like photons) carry energy, and via Einstein’s E=mc², energy contributes to gravitational mass—so they curve spacetime and are affected by curved spacetime.

Right now, there’s no experimental evidence for any fundamental particle that doesn’t interact with gravity. That said, we can absolutely hypothesize such particles, analogous to how dark matter doesn’t interact with electromagnetic radiation (even though dark matter does interact with gravity—we first detected it via its gravitational effects on galaxies). A hypothetical non-gravitating particle would be completely oblivious to spacetime curvature caused by mass/energy, which is a wild but theoretically consistent idea (as long as it doesn’t violate other core physical laws).

Here’s where general relativity takes center stage. Black holes are defined by their event horizon: a boundary where gravitational spacetime curvature is so extreme that nothing (not even light) can escape once it crosses in. But this boundary only exists because gravity warps spacetime.

If a particle truly doesn’t interact with gravity at all, spacetime curvature—including the extreme warp around a black hole—would have no effect on it. For this particle, the black hole’s event horizon wouldn’t be a "barrier" at all. It could pass straight through the region we call a black hole, entering and exiting without being trapped, slowed down, or altered in any way. The black hole’s mass wouldn’t exert any force or influence on it whatsoever.

It’s worth emphasizing this is purely hypothetical, though. We have no way to test this right now, since we haven’t found any non-gravitating particles (and detecting them would be extremely hard, given gravity is our primary tool for observing many cosmic objects).

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Francesco