使用PyInstaller打包含LangChain-Chroma的Python离线LLM文件问答应用时出现ONNXMiniLM_L6_V2未定义的NameError错误

我正在开发一个基于Python和Tkinter的应用，用户可以上传文件，通过离线LLM进行问答，我们用langchain_chroma处理嵌入。我没法分享完整源码，但可以给出导入部分，应该能帮到排查问题：

1. populate_database.py 文件 #

import argparse
import os
import shutil
from langchain_community.document_loaders import PyPDFDirectoryLoader
from langchain_text_splitters import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter
from langchain.schema.document import Document
from embedding import embedding_function
from langchain_community.vectorstores import Chroma
from langchain_community.document_loaders import UnstructuredMarkdownLoader
from langchain_community.document_loaders import UnstructuredWordDocumentLoader

2. embedding.py 文件 #

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
import torch

3. main.py 文件 #

from time import sleep
import tkinter as tk
from tkinter import scrolledtext, filedialog
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, pipeline
from langchain_chroma import Chroma
from langchain.prompts import PromptTemplate
from populate_database import add_documents_to_chroma, clear_database
from embedding import embedding_function
import gc

我们用到了两个模型：

• 用于用户交互的LLM：Qwen2.5-3B
• 处理嵌入的模型：multilingual-e5-large

项目结构如下：

• chroma（数据库文件夹）
• data（测试用的示例PDF文件夹）
• Qwen2.5-3B（LLM模型文件夹）
• multilingual-e5-large（嵌入模型文件夹）
• dist（打包生成的文件夹）
• build（打包生成的文件夹）
• embedding.py
• main.py
• populate_database.py

我使用的打包命令很简单：

pyinstaller main.py --onefile -w

完整的错误信息如下：

NameError: name 'ONNXMiniLM_L6_V2' is not defined

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 384, in exec_module
  File "langchain_chroma\__init__.py", line 6, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 384, in exec_module
  File "langchain_chroma\vectorstores.py", line 25, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 384, in exec_module
  File "chromadb\__init__.py", line 3, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 384, in exec_module
  File "chromadb\api\__init__.py", line 34, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 384, in exec_module
  File "chromadb\api\models\Collection.py", line 3, in <module>
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1176, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 690, in _load_unlocked
  File "PyInstaller\loader\pyimod02_importers.py", line 384, in exec_module
  File "chromadb\api\models\CollectionCommon.py", line 100, in <module>
  File "chromadb\api\models\CollectionCommon.py", line 112, in CollectionCommon
  File "chromadb\utils\embedding_functions\__init__.py", line 57, in DefaultEmbeddingFunction
NameError: name 'ONNXMiniLM_L6_V2' is not defined

我已经试过网上针对这个问题的相关解决方案，但都没有成功，希望能得到大家的帮助。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Nigel Mathews