无法登录使用托管数据磁盘创建的Azure实例问题咨询

Hey there, let's troubleshoot why you can't SSH into your Azure VM created via Azure CLI—especially since you've already set up GRUB and all necessary boot components on disk1. Here's a step-by-step breakdown to get you connected again:

Even with GRUB installed, Azure might be pointing to the wrong disk or the VM might not be fully starting up:

• Check the VM's running state: Run this Azure CLI command to verify the VM is active and provisioned properly:

  az vm get-instance-view --resource-group <your-resource-group> --name <your-vm-name> --query "instanceView.statuses"
  

  Look for PowerState/running and ProvisioningState/succeeded in the output.
• Verify the boot disk assignment: Azure might still be trying to boot from the default temporary disk instead of disk1. Check which disk is set as the OS disk with:

  az vm show --resource-group <your-resource-group> --name <your-vm-name> --query "storageProfile.osDisk"
  

  If it's not disk1, you'll need to reconfigure the VM to use disk1 as the primary boot disk.

Most SSH failures boil down to network blocks—let's eliminate these first:

• Check NSG inbound rules for port 22: Ensure your Network Security Group allows SSH traffic. List existing rules with:

  az network nsg rule list --resource-group <your-resource-group> --nsg-name <your-nsg-name> --query "[?destinationPortRange=='22']"
  

  If no rule exists, add one with:

  az network nsg rule create --resource-group <your-resource-group> --nsg-name <your-nsg-name> --name allow-ssh --protocol tcp --priority 1000 --destination-port-range 22 --access allow
  

• Confirm the public IP is assigned and reachable: Check if the VM has a public IP with:

  az vm show --resource-group <your-resource-group> --name <your-vm-name> --query "publicIpAddress"
  

  Try pinging this IP from your local machine—if it doesn't respond, the issue might be with IP assignment or routing.
• Use Azure Bastion for direct access: If you can't connect locally, use Azure Bastion (via the Azure portal) to access the VM. This skips local network issues and lets you check if the SSH service is running inside the VM.

If the network checks out, the problem is likely inside the VM:

• Check SSH daemon status: If you can access via Bastion or serial console, run:

  # For systemd-based distros (Ubuntu 16.04+, CentOS 7+)
  systemctl status sshd
  # For init.d-based distros
  service ssh status
  

  If it's stopped, start it with systemctl start sshd or service ssh start, and enable auto-start on boot with systemctl enable sshd.
• Verify SSH config settings: Open /etc/ssh/sshd_config and check for common blockers:
  • PermitRootLogin set to no if you're trying to log in as root
  • PasswordAuthentication set to no if you're using password login instead of SSH keys
    After making changes, restart the SSH service with systemctl restart sshd or service ssh restart.
• Check the OS firewall: Some distros use ufw or firewalld. Run:

  # For ufw
  ufw status
  # For firewalld
  firewall-cmd --list-ports
  

  If port 22 isn't allowed, add it with:

  # ufw
  ufw allow 22
  # firewalld
  firewall-cmd --add-port=22/tcp --permanent && firewall-cmd --reload
  

Since you configured GRUB on disk1, boot errors might be stopping the OS before SSH is available:

• Use the Azure Serial Console: Access it via the Azure portal (VM > Support + troubleshooting > Serial console) to view real-time boot logs. Look for GRUB errors, disk mount failures, or service startup issues—these will tell you if the OS is stuck during boot.
• Verify disk1 health: Check if disk1 is functioning properly with:

  az disk show --resource-group <your-resource-group> --name <disk1-name> --query "status"
  

  If it's not Healthy, attach disk1 to another VM to repair the filesystem or GRUB configuration.

• SSH keys: Ensure your public key was added to ~/.ssh/authorized_keys on disk1. If you added the key after creating the VM, it might have been placed on the original OS disk instead. Attach disk1 to another VM, mount it, and verify/modify the authorized_keys file.
• Password login: Double-check your user password is correct, and that PasswordAuthentication yes is set in /etc/ssh/sshd_config (if you're using password-based login).

Start with the first few steps—most SSH issues are either network-related or simple misconfigurations. Let me know if you hit a specific error along the way!

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者cbhangale