使用jlink打包JavaFX独立应用时遇到的模块分析、配置及启动报错问题

我可以查看我的完整项目仓库，目前我的项目没有使用任何依赖管理器，并且我想保持这个状态。我使用了一个自己用Java编写的库，GUI部分采用JavaFX实现。正如标题所说，我想把我的应用做成独立程序，让用户不需要安装Java就能运行。

我在VSCode中这样生成jar文件：

生成jar后，我可以用以下命令运行应用：

java --module-path %JAVAFX% --add-modules=javafx.controls,javafx.fxml -jar match_three_solver.jar

我尝试运行以下命令来检查需要在jlink命令中包含哪些包：

jdeps -s --module-path %JAVAFX% match_three_solver.jar

但返回了如下错误：

Exception in thread "main" java.lang.module.FindException: Error reading module: match_three_solver.jar
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.readModule(ModulePath.java:351)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.scan(ModulePath.java:238)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.scanNextEntry(ModulePath.java:191)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.findAll(ModulePath.java:167)
        at jdk.jdeps/com.sun.tools.jdeps.JdepsConfiguration$Builder.build(JdepsConfiguration.java:521)
        at jdk.jdeps/com.sun.tools.jdeps.JdepsTask.buildConfig(JdepsTask.java:607)
        at jdk.jdeps/com.sun.tools.jdeps.JdepsTask.run(JdepsTask.java:561)
        at jdk.jdeps/com.sun.tools.jdeps.JdepsTask.run(JdepsTask.java:537)
        at jdk.jdeps/com.sun.tools.jdeps.Main.main(Main.java:50)
Caused by: java.lang.module.InvalidModuleDescriptorException: Main.class found in top-level directory (unnamed package not allowed in module)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.toPackageName(ModulePath.java:720)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:179)
        at java.base/java.util.zip.ZipFile$EntrySpliterator.tryAdvance(ZipFile.java:573)
        at java.base/java.util.Spliterator.forEachRemaining(Spliterator.java:332)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:509)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReduceOps$ReduceOp.evaluateSequential(ReduceOps.java:921)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.evaluate(AbstractPipeline.java:234)
        at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline.collect(ReferencePipeline.java:682)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.jarPackages(ModulePath.java:621)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.lambda$readJar$6(ModulePath.java:653)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModuleInfo.doRead(ModuleInfo.java:311)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModuleInfo.read(ModuleInfo.java:129)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.readJar(ModulePath.java:652)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.module.ModulePath.readModule(ModulePath.java:332)
        ... 8 more

我大概理解这是因为我的jar是非模块化的，所以无法使用jdeps。如果要使用jdeps，我需要在项目中添加module-info.java文件。但无论我把这个文件放在哪里，编译器都会报错，而且还无法识别JavaFX模块：

如果有解决方法（哪怕需要完全重构当前文件夹结构），请告诉我。另外我也想知道，为什么非模块化的jar就不能使用jdeps？

我还尝试直接用以下命令生成独立运行环境：

jlink --module-path ../jmods;lib/javaFX/lib 
--add-modules javafx.base,javafx.controls,javafx.fxml,javafx.graphics,javafx.media,javafx.web 
--output jreFX2

然后在这个独立环境中运行jar：

jreFX2\bin\java -jar match_three_solver.jar

但得到了如下错误：

Graphics Device initialization failed for :  d3d, sw
Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
java.lang.RuntimeException: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer.getInstance(QuantumRenderer.java:283)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumToolkit.init(QuantumToolkit.java:253)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:263)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:290)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:162)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:651)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:409)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:364)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
        at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:1135)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Error initializing QuantumRenderer: no suitable pipeline found
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.init(QuantumRenderer.java:95)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.tk.quantum.QuantumRenderer$PipelineRunnable.run(QuantumRenderer.java:125)
        at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583)
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:118)
        at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580)
        at java.base/sun.launcher.LauncherHelper$FXHelper.main(LauncherHelper.java:1135)
Caused by: java.lang.RuntimeException: No toolkit found
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.tk.Toolkit.getToolkit(Toolkit.java:275)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:290)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.PlatformImpl.startup(PlatformImpl.java:162)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.startToolkit(LauncherImpl.java:651)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplicationWithArgs(LauncherImpl.java:409)
        at javafx.graphics@21.0.2/com.sun.javafx.application.LauncherImpl.launchApplication(LauncherImpl.java:364)
        at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103)
        ... 2 more

任何帮助都将不胜感激，提前谢谢大家。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Dimnik