如何通过脚本批量修改文件名并基于原文件名进行命名？

Hey there! Let's sort out your batch file renaming task where you want to modify filenames based on their original names. I'll break down practical solutions for different operating systems so you can pick what fits your setup perfectly.

Windows (PowerShell) Solution #

PowerShell is built right into Windows and ideal for this kind of task. Let's use a common example: adding a vacation_ prefix and _2024 suffix to all .jpg files in a folder. Here's how to do it safely:

# First, navigate to your target folder
cd "C:\Your\Target\Folder\Path"

# Preview changes first with -WhatIf (no actual renaming happens yet!)
Get-ChildItem -Filter "*.jpg" | ForEach-Object {
    $newName = "vacation_$($_.BaseName)_2024$($_.Extension)"
    Rename-Item -Path $_.FullName -NewName $newName -WhatIf
}

Quick Tips: #

• Remove the -WhatIf flag once you're happy with the preview to apply the changes.
• Tweak the $newName string to match your needs:
  • $_.BaseName grabs the original filename without its extension
  • $_.Extension preserves the original file type (like .jpg, .txt)
• For regex-based replacements (e.g., swapping "old_" with "new_"), use -replace:

  $newName = $_.BaseName -replace "old_", "new_" + $_.Extension
  

Linux/macOS (Bash) Solution #

On Unix-like systems, a bash script gets the job done smoothly. Let's reuse the same prefix/suffix example for .jpg files:

# Navigate to your target folder
cd /path/to/your/target/folder

# Preview changes first with echo
for file in *.jpg; do
    # Skip if it's a directory
    [ -f "$file" ] || continue
    # Split filename into base and extension
    base=$(basename "$file" .jpg)
    ext=".jpg"
    new_name="vacation_${base}_2024${ext}"
    echo "Preview: Renaming $file to $new_name"
    # Uncomment the line below to apply changes
    # mv "$file" "$new_name"
done

Quick Tips: #

• Remove the echo line and uncomment mv to start renaming for real.
• For a script that works with any file extension, use parameter expansion:

  for file in *; do
      [ -f "$file" ] || continue
      base="${file%.*}"
      ext="${file##*.}"
      # Handle files without extensions
      if [ "$base" = "$file" ]; then
          new_name="vacation_${base}_2024"
      else
          new_name="vacation_${base}_2024.${ext}"
      fi
      mv "$file" "$new_name"
  done
  

• Use sed for regex swaps, like replacing "summer" with "winter":

  new_name=$(echo "$file" | sed 's/summer/winter/')
  

Cross-Platform Python Script #

If you need something that works everywhere (Windows, Linux, macOS), Python is a reliable choice. This script lets you define your renaming logic clearly:

import os

# Set your target folder path
folder_path = "/path/to/your/target/folder"

# Loop through all items in the folder
for filename in os.listdir(folder_path):
    file_path = os.path.join(folder_path, filename)
    # Skip directories
    if os.path.isdir(file_path):
        continue
    
    # Split filename into base and extension
    base, ext = os.path.splitext(filename)
    
    # Define your new naming rule here
    new_filename = f"vacation_{base}_2024{ext}"
    
    # Preview changes first
    print(f"Preview: Renaming {filename} to {new_filename}")
    
    # Uncomment below to apply changes
    # os.rename(file_path, os.path.join(folder_path, new_filename))

Quick Tips: #

• Adjust the new_filename line to match your exact renaming needs.
• For regex replacements, use the re module:

  import re
  new_base = re.sub(r"old_pattern", "new_pattern", base)
  new_filename = f"{new_base}{ext}"
  

• Critical: Always back up your files before running any batch renaming script—better safe than sorry!

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者MN65