如何通过CMake实现make命令自动构建Rust自定义目标，并支持统一的install与clean操作

我来帮你一步步解决这个问题，刚好我之前也做过类似的CMake整合Rust项目的工作，咱们分几个部分来调整你的配置：

一、让Rust目标自动随make构建 #

你当前的build-binary是自定义目标，默认make不会自动触发它，而且还存在CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS参数传递失败的问题，我们一起修复：

1. 给build-binary添加ALL关键字，让它成为默认构建集合的一部分，这样执行make时会自动构建Rust二进制；
2. 加上COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS参数，解决带空格的CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS变量无法正确展开为多个命令行参数的问题；
3. 让Rust目标依赖C库，确保C库构建完成后再编译Rust（避免Rust链接时找不到C++库的情况）。

修改后的add_custom_target部分代码如下：

# 先确保Rust目标依赖C++库（这里假设你的C++库目标名为proj-lib，对应add_subdirectory(proj-lib)里的目标）
add_dependencies(build-binary proj-lib)

add_custom_target(
    build-binary ALL
    COMMAND cargo build --package proj-bin ${CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS}
    COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
    COMMENT "Building Rust project with Cargo..."
)

二、实现统一的make install #

要让make install同时安装C++库和Rust二进制，我们需要给Rust的产物添加安装规则：

1. 先根据构建模式确定Rust二进制的路径；
2. 使用install(PROGRAMS)将二进制安装到系统默认的二进制目录（或你指定的目录）。

在你的CMakeLists.txt末尾添加以下代码：

# 确定Rust二进制的构建路径
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    set(RUST_BINARY_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/target/debug/proj-bin")
else()
    set(RUST_BINARY_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/target/release/proj-bin")
endif()

# 安装Rust二进制到系统bin目录（默认是/usr/local/bin，可通过CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX修改）
install(
    PROGRAMS ${RUST_BINARY_PATH}
    DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
    COMMENT "Installing Rust binary..."
)

# 如果你还需要安装C++库的头文件等，确保proj-lib/CMakeLists.txt里已经有对应的install规则，比如：
# install(TARGETS proj-lib LIBRARY DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR})
# install(DIRECTORY include/ DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_INCLUDEDIR}/proj-lib)

三、实现统一的make clean #

默认的make clean只会清理CMake管理的C++产物，我们需要让它同时清理Rust的target目录：

添加一个自定义的clean目标，并让CMake默认的clean目标依赖它：

add_custom_target(
    clean-binary
    COMMAND cargo clean
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
    COMMENT "Cleaning Rust project artifacts..."
)

# 让默认clean目标依赖clean-binary，执行make clean时会同时清理两者
add_dependencies(clean clean-binary)

完整修改后的根目录CMakeLists.txt #

把上面的调整整合后，你的根目录CMakeLists.txt应该是这样的：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.22)
project(proj)

set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug")
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    message(STATUS "Building in Debug mode")
    add_compile_definitions(DEBUG=1)
else()
    message(STATUS "Building in Release mode")
    add_compile_definitions(NDEBUG=1)
endif()
set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH FALSE)
set(CMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH TRUE)
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH "${ORIGIN}")

set(VERSION "1.1.1")

# Shared vs Static (LIB_TYPE)
option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS "Build shared libraries" ON)

# this builds C++ shared library
add_subdirectory(proj-lib)

# this builds a Rust binary
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    set(CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS "--no-default-features --features debug_mode")
else()
    set(CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS "--release --no-default-features --features release_mode")
endif()

message("cargo build flags ${CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS}")

# 让Rust目标依赖C++库，确保构建顺序
add_dependencies(build-binary proj-lib)

add_custom_target(
    build-binary ALL
    COMMAND cargo build --package proj-bin ${CARGO_BUILD_FLAGS}
    COMMAND_EXPAND_LISTS
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
    COMMENT "Building Rust project with Cargo..."
)

# 配置Rust二进制安装规则
if(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE STREQUAL "Debug")
    set(RUST_BINARY_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/target/debug/proj-bin")
else()
    set(RUST_BINARY_PATH "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/target/release/proj-bin")
endif()

install(
    PROGRAMS ${RUST_BINARY_PATH}
    DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_BINDIR}
    COMMENT "Installing Rust binary..."
)

# 配置统一clean规则
add_custom_target(
    clean-binary
    COMMAND cargo clean
    WORKING_DIRECTORY ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}
    COMMENT "Cleaning Rust project artifacts..."
)

add_dependencies(clean clean-binary)

验证效果 #

现在你只需要执行常规的CMake构建流程：

mkdir build && cd build
cmake ..
make

make会自动先构建C库，再构建Rust二进制；执行make install会同时安装两者；执行make clean会同时清理C和Rust的构建产物。

备注：内容来源于stack exchange，提问作者Harry