双系统Ubuntu 17.10如何批量安装默认预装软件包？
Let's work through this issue step by step. The main hurdles here are your failing apt update (since Ubuntu 17.10 is no longer supported) and installing all default software in one go.
第一步：修复软件源（17.10已停止官方支持）
Ubuntu 17.10 ("Artful Aardvark") reached its end-of-life a while back, so the default package sources point to servers that no longer host its packages. We need to switch to the old releases archive first:
- 先备份源配置文件，避免操作出错：
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak - 一键替换所有源地址到旧归档服务器：
sudo sed -i 's/archive.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list sudo sed -i 's/security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list - 现在重新更新源列表，应该能正常执行了：
sudo apt update
第二步：一次性安装所有默认预装软件
Ubuntu uses "meta-packages" to bundle groups of related software. Pick the appropriate option based on your system type:
桌面版Ubuntu 17.10
Installing the ubuntu-desktop meta-package will pull in all default desktop environment software—including utilities, pre-installed apps, and base system tools:
sudo apt install ubuntu-desktop --install-recommends
The --install-recommends flag ensures you get every recommended default package, not just strict dependencies.
仅需开发工具（gcc、make等）
If you don't need the full desktop suite and only want core development tools, install build-essential—this package includes gcc, make, libc6-dev, and all other essential build utilities:
sudo apt install build-essential
Once these commands finish, you'll have all the default software that comes with a fresh Ubuntu 17.10 installation.
内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者arpanmangal
