Ubuntu 16.04.3安装后无法启动——Dell PowerEdge T130断电启动故障求助

Hey there, let's work through this boot problem step by step. Your setup (single 1TB drive, no RAID/UEFI/encryption, full-disk Ubuntu) and the fact that you can access the drive perfectly via the live USB are super helpful clues. Let's start with the most likely fixes:

1. Reinstall GRUB Boot Loader #

Since the live USB can mount your system without issues, the first thing to try is repairing the GRUB installation—power outages can sometimes corrupt the boot record:

• Boot into the "Try Ubuntu without installing" mode from your USB.
• First, identify your system partition (usually /dev/sda1 for a full-disk setup; run sudo fdisk -l if you need to confirm which is the Linux partition).
• Mount the system partition to /mnt:

  sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
  

• Bind the critical system directories to the mounted partition:

  sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
  sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
  sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
  

• Switch into the chroot environment of your installed system:

  sudo chroot /mnt
  

• Reinstall GRUB to the entire disk (not the partition—use /dev/sda, not /dev/sda1):

  grub-install /dev/sda
  

• Update the GRUB configuration to detect your system:

  update-grub
  

• Exit the chroot and reboot:

  exit
  sudo reboot
  

2. Tweak GRUB Boot Parameters #

If reinstalling GRUB doesn't work, let's force the system to boot into a single-user shell to check for issues:

• When you see the GRUB menu, select your Ubuntu entry and press e to edit the boot commands.
• Find the line starting with linux—look for ro (read-only) and replace it with rw init=/bin/bash.
• Press Ctrl+X to boot with these modified parameters. You'll drop into a root shell with the system mounted in read-write mode.
• Run a forced filesystem check (make sure the partition isn't mounted first if you get an error; use umount /dev/sda1 if needed):

  fsck -f /dev/sda1
  

• After the check completes, try launching the normal init process:

  exec /sbin/init
  

  If that works, your system should boot normally. If not, reboot and try the next step.

3. Verify System File Integrity #

Power outages can sometimes corrupt individual system files. From the live USB:

• Mount your system partition again (sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt).
• Run this command to check for corrupted files from installed packages:

  sudo dpkg --verify
  

• Look for lines starting with ?? or other error markers—these indicate corrupted files. For any affected packages, reinstall them with:

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall <package-name>
  

Note: You mentioned the error starts with "Apparently that is j..."—if you can catch the full error message next time, it would help narrow things down further. But the steps above should cover the most common causes for this scenario.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者J Prescott