Ubuntu 17.10下Synaptic包管理器无法打开及Zotero 5.0安装求助

Hey there, let's tackle your issues step by step. First, fixing that annoying Synaptic Package Manager crash, then getting Zotero 5.0 set up smoothly on Ubuntu 17.10.

If Synaptic crashes right after you enter your password, try these fixes in order:

• Reset Synaptic's configuration files (corrupted configs are a common culprit):

  rm -rf ~/.synaptic
  

  Launch Synaptic again after running this command—it should regenerate fresh configs.
• Launch with direct permission verification:
  Sometimes the default launcher has permission glitches. Try starting Synaptic directly with pkexec:

  pkexec synaptic
  

• Reinstall Synaptic completely:
  If the above doesn't work, wipe the current installation and start fresh:

  sudo apt remove --purge synaptic
  sudo apt autoremove
  sudo apt install synaptic
  

Since you're having trouble with Synaptic and partial success with the official download, here are reliable, hassle-free methods:

Option 1: Fix the Nested Folder Issue from the Official Download #

You mentioned the desktop file is buried in nested folders—this command will extract Zotero directly to a clean system directory:

1. First, download the Zotero tar.gz package from the official site, then run:

   sudo mkdir -p /opt/zotero
   sudo tar -xzf ~/Downloads/Zotero-5.0*.tar.gz -C /opt/zotero --strip-components=1
   

   The --strip-components=1 flag eliminates the nested folder layer, putting all Zotero files straight into /opt/zotero.
2. Set up the desktop shortcut:

   sudo cp /opt/zotero/zotero.desktop /usr/share/applications/
   sudo update-desktop-database
   

   Now you can find Zotero in your application menu like any other program.

Option 2: Use the Official Auto-Updating Script #

If your curl command didn't work before, this official script will add Zotero's repository and handle installation/updates automatically:

curl -sL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/retorquere/zotero-deb/master/install.sh | sudo bash
sudo apt install zotero

This method keeps Zotero updated alongside your other system packages.

Option 3: Manual Desktop Shortcut Creation #

If you prefer keeping Zotero in your user directory:

1. Extract the downloaded tar.gz file to ~/zotero (or any folder you like).
2. Create a custom desktop entry:

   nano ~/.local/share/applications/zotero.desktop
   

3. Paste this content (replace your-username with your actual Ubuntu username):

   [Desktop Entry]
   Name=Zotero
   Comment=Research Reference Manager
   Exec=/home/your-username/zotero/zotero
   Icon=/home/your-username/zotero/chrome/icons/default/default.png
   Type=Application
   Categories=Office;Education;
   

4. Save and exit (press Ctrl+O, hit Enter, then Ctrl+X). You'll now see Zotero in your app menu.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Cruiser13