UEFI笔记本新增SSD安装Ubuntu16.04，保留原双系统配置的实现咨询

Got it, let's walk through this step by step to make sure your existing Windows 10/Ubuntu 14.04 dual-boot on /dev/sda stays completely untouched, while setting up a fully independent Ubuntu 16.04 on /dev/sdb with its own GRUB environment. The key here is UEFI boot isolation—we'll ensure each drive has its own EFI boot entry and self-contained GRUB setup.

Prerequisites #

• Your new SSD (/dev/sdb) is physically installed and recognized by your laptop (confirm with lsblk from a live Ubuntu session if you want to double-check)
• Ubuntu 16.04 installation media (USB drive/CD) — must boot in UEFI mode (this is non-negotiable for creating isolated boot entries)

Step 1: Boot the Installer in UEFI Mode #

• Plug in your installation media and restart your laptop. Access the UEFI boot menu (usually F2, F10, or F12—check your laptop's splash screen for the exact key)
• Select your installation media only if it has "UEFI" in the label (e.g., "UEFI: SanDisk Cruzer")—skip any legacy BIOS options, as those won't support our isolated UEFI setup
• Proceed to the Ubuntu installer and select "Install Ubuntu"

Step 2: Manual Partitioning (Critical to Avoid Touching /dev/sda) #

WARNING: Never choose "Install alongside other operating systems" or "Erase disk and install Ubuntu"—these will modify /dev/sda's EFI partition or boot records, which we're explicitly avoiding.

• When you reach the "Installation type" screen, select "Something else" and click Continue
• In the partition list, locate /dev/sdb (verify its size/model to avoid mixing it up with /dev/sda)
• Create these partitions exclusively on /dev/sdb:
  • EFI System Partition: New partition, size 512MB, file system fat32, set the "Use as" dropdown to "EFI System Partition"
  • Root Partition: New partition, use most of the remaining space (or split into a separate /home partition if you prefer), file system ext4, set "Mount point" to /
  • Swap Partition (Optional): New partition, size matching your RAM (e.g., 8GB for 8GB RAM), set "Use as" to "swap area"

Step 3: Install GRUB to /dev/sdb (Not /dev/sda!) #

• At the bottom of the partitioning screen, find the "Device for boot loader installation" dropdown
• DO NOT select /dev/sda or any partition on /dev/sda—this is the most important step to keep your original setup intact
• Select the entire /dev/sdb device (or directly select the EFI partition you created on /dev/sdb, e.g., /dev/sdb1—either works, but selecting /dev/sdb is more straightforward)
• Click "Install Now" and follow the remaining prompts (timezone, user account, etc.) to finish the installation

Step 4: Verify the Independent Boot Setup #

• After installation completes, restart your laptop and access the UEFI boot menu again
• You'll now see separate boot entries:
  • One for your original /dev/sda setup (labeled something like "Ubuntu" or "Windows Boot Manager")
  • One for your new /dev/sdb Ubuntu 16.04 (labeled "Ubuntu" or with your SSD's model name)
• Test both entries to confirm isolation:
  • Selecting the /dev/sda entry loads your original GRUB, with options for Ubuntu 14.04 and Windows 10—no changes here
  • Selecting the /dev/sdb entry loads the new GRUB, with only Ubuntu 16.04 options (exactly what you wanted)

Troubleshooting Quick Fixes #

• Missing /dev/sdb boot entry in UEFI: Restart into your UEFI settings (F2/F10/F12), navigate to "Boot Options" or "Boot Order", and either enable the /dev/sdb EFI entry or manually add one pointing to /dev/sdb1/EFI/ubuntu/grubx64.efi
• Accidentally installed GRUB to /dev/sda: Don't panic! Boot into your original Ubuntu 14.04 on /dev/sda, run sudo update-grub, and your original GRUB configuration will be restored immediately

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者IncioDev