Ubuntu双系统分区问题：1.5TB HDD的GPT分区配置咨询

Hey there! Let's get your 1.5TB HDD configured exactly as you want—with Windows 8.1, Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, and a shared NTFS storage partition. Since you've already converted to GPT and started setting up Windows, we can jump right into the next steps without starting from scratch.

First, let's make sure you have enough unallocated space for Ubuntu and the shared partition:

• Open Disk Management in Windows (right-click the Start menu and select it)
• If you created extra partitions during Windows setup that you don't need, right-click them and choose Delete Volume—make sure to back up any data on these partitions first!
• Allocate space based on your needs:
  • Windows 8.1: Keep at least 100GB (200GB if you plan to install lots of apps/games)
  • Ubuntu 16.04 LTS: Reserve 20GB minimum, 50GB+ if you'll install development tools or large software
  • Shared NTFS partition: Use all remaining space (this will be accessible from both systems)

• Download the Ubuntu 16.04 LTS ISO from the official Ubuntu site
• Use a tool like Rufus to write the ISO to a USB drive:
  • In Rufus, select your USB drive, the Ubuntu ISO, and set the partition scheme to GPT (matching your HDD's table)
  • Click "Start" and wait for it to finish—this will erase the USB drive, so back up its data first!

• Plug in the USB drive, restart your computer, and boot from the USB (press F12/F2/Del to enter BIOS/UEFI and select the USB as the boot device—key varies by motherboard)
• When the Ubuntu installer loads, select Install Ubuntu
• Follow the prompts until you reach the Installation type screen—here, choose Something else (this lets us manually partition, which is crucial for your setup)
• In the partition list, find the unallocated space you reserved earlier. Create two partitions for Ubuntu:
  1. Swap Partition:
     • Click "+" to create a new partition
     • Size: Match your RAM (e.g., 8GB if you have 8GB RAM)
     • Type for the new partition: Primary
     • Location: Beginning of this space
     • Use as: swap area
  2. Root Partition:
     • Click "+" again for the remaining Ubuntu space
     • Size: All the space you reserved for Ubuntu
     • Type for the new partition: Primary
     • Location: Beginning of this space
     • Use as: Ext4 journaling file system
     • Mount point: Select / from the dropdown
• Critical: For Device for boot loader installation, select your entire HDD (e.g., /dev/sda—not a specific partition!) This ensures GRUB (Ubuntu's boot menu) will let you choose between Windows and Ubuntu.
• Finish the installation, restart your computer, and you'll see the GRUB menu—you can now boot into either OS!

• If you haven't created the shared partition yet, go back to Windows Disk Management:
  • Right-click the remaining unallocated space, select New Simple Volume
  • Follow the wizard, format it as NTFS, assign a drive letter, and name it something like "Shared Storage"
• In Ubuntu, this partition will automatically show up in the file manager (under "Devices")—you can click to mount it and start transferring files immediately.
• To make it mount automatically every time Ubuntu boots (so you don't have to click it):
  1. Open a terminal and run sudo blkid—look for the line with your shared NTFS partition (it will say TYPE="ntfs" and have a UUID like 1234ABCD-1234-1234-ABCD1234ABCD)
  2. Create a mount folder: sudo mkdir /mnt/shared
  3. Edit the fstab file (this controls auto-mounts): sudo nano /etc/fstab
  4. Add this line at the end (replace YOUR_UUID with the UUID you found):

     UUID=YOUR_UUID /mnt/shared ntfs defaults,uid=1000,gid=1000 0 0
     

     (The uid=1000,gid=1000 ensures you have read/write access—run id in terminal to confirm your user ID if needed)
  5. Press Ctrl+O to save, Ctrl+X to exit nano
  6. Test the mount: sudo mount -a—if no errors pop up, it worked!

• Turn off Windows Fast Startup: This can cause NTFS partition corruption if both systems try to access it. Go to Windows Settings → Power & Sleep → Additional Power Settings → Choose what the power buttons do → Change settings that are currently unavailable → Uncheck "Turn on fast startup (recommended)"
• Back up data first: Partitioning and OS installations carry risk—always back up important files before making changes!
• GPT is your friend: Since you converted from MBR, you don't have to worry about the 4-primary-partition limit, so your setup will work smoothly.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Ahmet DAĞTAŞ