能否为同一配置绑定多个testenv标签以复用tox脚本？

Yes, absolutely! Tox fully supports grouping multiple test environment names in a single [testenv:<names>] section to eliminate repetitive configuration code—this is exactly the right approach to clean up your current setup.

How to implement your proposed approach #

Your example syntax is valid. You can group environments that share identical settings (like your Python 3.x Jenkins envs) under one section. For your specific case, split the Python 2 and Python 3 environments into two grouped sections since they only differ in the basepython value:

# Group Python 3.x Jenkins environments
[testenv:py3.6.4-jenkins,py3.5.4-jenkins,py3-jenkins]
basepython = python3
commands = {toxinidir}/jenkins.sh
setenv =
    STANFORD_MODELS = {homedir}/third/stanford-parser/
    STANFORD_PARSER = {homedir}/third/stanford-parser/
    STANFORD_POSTAGGER = {homedir}/third/stanford-postagger/

# Separate Python 2.7 Jenkins environment (uses different basepython)
[testenv:py2.7.14-jenkins]
basepython = python
commands = {toxinidir}/jenkins.sh
setenv =
    STANFORD_MODELS = {homedir}/third/stanford-parser/
    STANFORD_PARSER = {homedir}/third/stanford-parser/
    STANFORD_POSTAGGER = {homedir}/third/stanford-postagger/

Even better: Use Tox's default testenv inheritance #

To cut down on duplication even more, define shared settings in a top-level [testenv] section, then override only the differing values in specific environment groups. This way you won’t have to repeat commands and setenv across sections:

# Default shared configuration for all Jenkins envs
[testenv]
commands = {toxinidir}/jenkins.sh
setenv =
    STANFORD_MODELS = {homedir}/third/stanford-parser/
    STANFORD_PARSER = {homedir}/third/stanford-parser/
    STANFORD_POSTAGGER = {homedir}/third/stanford-postagger/

# Override basepython for Python 3.x envs
[testenv:py3.6.4-jenkins,py3.5.4-jenkins,py3-jenkins]
basepython = python3

# Override basepython for Python 2.7 env
[testenv:py2.7.14-jenkins]
basepython = python

This inheritance model keeps your tox.ini clean and maintainable—any changes to shared commands or environment variables only need to be made once in the [testenv] section.

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者alvas