使用OpenCV 3.1.0导入图像时python.exe停止工作求助

Hey there! I get why you thought just swapping the cv2.pyd file would work, but OpenCV 3.x and 2.x have more differences than just that single file. Let's figure out what's going wrong and how to fix it.

Why the Error Happens #

Simply replacing the cv2.pyd file from OpenCV 2.4.13 to 3.1.0 isn't enough because:

• OpenCV 3.1.0 relies on additional dynamic link libraries (DLLs) that aren't present in your Anaconda2 environment when you only swap the .pyd file.
• The module structure and dependencies between OpenCV 2.x and 3.x are significantly different—Anaconda expects a complete, properly integrated installation rather than a single file swap.

Step-by-Step Fixes #

1. Clean Up Old OpenCV Residues #

First, remove all traces of the old and partially installed OpenCV 3.1.0 from your Anaconda2 site-packages directory:

• Navigate to Anaconda2/Lib/site-packages
• Delete the cv2.pyd file (both old 2.4.13 and new 3.1.0 versions)
• If there are any OpenCV-related folders (like opencv), delete those too
• Alternatively, use the conda command to uninstall if you originally installed via conda:

  conda remove opencv
  

2. Properly Install OpenCV 3.1.0 for Anaconda2 #

The safest way is to use conda to handle all dependencies automatically:

1. Add the conda-forge channel (to access older OpenCV versions):

   conda config --add channels conda-forge
   

2. Install the exact 3.1.0 version tailored for your Anaconda2 (Python 2.7, 64-bit):

   conda install opencv=3.1.0
   

If you prefer a manual installation (not recommended unless conda fails):

• Download a precompiled OpenCV 3.1.0 package that matches Python 2.7 64-bit
• Extract the package, and copy both the cv2.pyd file and all associated DLLs (like opencv_world310.dll) to your Anaconda2 site-packages directory, and ensure they're in your system's PATH (or Anaconda's Library/bin folder)

3. Verify the Installation #

Open your Anaconda Python terminal and run these commands to confirm everything works:

import cv2
print(cv2.__version__)  # Should output 3.1.0

# Test image import
img = cv2.imread("path/to/your/image.jpg")
if img is not None:
    cv2.imshow("Test Image", img)
    cv2.waitKey(0)
    cv2.destroyAllWindows()
else:
    print("Image not found or failed to load!")

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Abhishek Kulkarni