PowerShell长文件路径检测脚本邮件功能故障排查求助

我来帮你排查下邮件功能异常的问题，顺便把脚本优化下，解决那些让你重复输入已配置字段的麻烦～

问题诊断 #

你的脚本邮件功能出问题，大概率是这几个原因：

• Office 365的SMTP服务器要求SSL加密和指定端口（587），默认的Send-MailMessage调用没配置这些参数，导致连接失败或触发额外验证
• 脚本里的Send-MailMessage可能因为缺少凭据参数，系统自动提示你输入（即使你已经配了From地址，Office365需要账号验证）
• 用ADSI获取用户邮箱的方式不够可靠，容易出现SID解析失败的情况

修改后的完整脚本 #

# 配置参数
$limit = 90 
$testpath = "\\server\share"  # 改成你需要检测的UNC路径
$resultpath = "C:\test" 
$admins = "moh@test.com" 
$from = "moh@test.com" 
$smtpserver = "smtp.office365.com"
$smtpPort = 587

# 确保结果目录存在
if (-not (Test-Path $resultpath)) {
    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $resultpath | Out-Null
}

# 检测长路径文件并按所有者生成报告
Get-ChildItem -Path $testpath -Recurse -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | 
    Where-Object { $_.FullName.Length -gt $limit } | 
    Select-Object FullName, 
        @{n="Owner";e={ $_.GetAccessControl().GetOwner([System.Security.Principal.NTAccount]) }},
        @{n="NameLength"; e={$_.FullName.Length}} | 
    ForEach-Object {
        $ownerFileName = "Longfiles of $($_.Owner -replace "\\","-").txt"
        $outputPath = Join-Path $resultpath $ownerFileName
        "$($_.NameLength) - $($_.FullName)" | Out-File -FilePath $outputPath -Append -Encoding utf8
    }

# 获取凭据（Office365需要验证，第一次运行会提示输入，后续可以存储凭据）
$credential = Get-Credential -Message "Enter your Office365 email credentials" -UserName $from

# 发送邮件给所有者或管理员
Get-ChildItem $resultpath -Filter "Longfiles of *.txt" -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue | 
    ForEach-Object {
        if ($_.Name -match 'Longfiles of (.+)\.txt') {
            $user = $matches[1] -replace "-","\"
            try {
                # 用Get-ADUser更可靠（需要安装RSAT Active Directory模块）
                $adUser = Get-ADUser -Filter { Name -eq $user.Split("\")[1] } -Properties EmailAddress -ErrorAction Stop
                $email = $adUser.EmailAddress
            }
            catch {
                # 如果Get-ADUser失败，尝试用ADSI回退
                try {
                    $ntacc = New-Object System.Security.Principal.NTAccount($user)
                    $sid = $ntacc.Translate([System.Security.Principal.SecurityIdentifier])
                    $aduser = [ADSI]"LDAP://<SID=$sid>"
                    $email = $aduser.Properties.mail.Value
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Warning "Failed to get email for user $user : $_"
                    $email = $null
                }
            }

            if ($email) {
                try {
                    Send-MailMessage -Attachments $_.FullName `
                        -Body "Please change the filenames of the files listed in the attached file to shorter!" `
                        -From $from `
                        -SmtpServer $smtpserver `
                        -Port $smtpPort `
                        -UseSsl `
                        -Credential $credential `
                        -Subject "System notice: Long file paths detected" `
                        -To $email `
                        -Cc $admins `
                        -ErrorAction Stop
                    Write-Host "Email sent successfully to $email"
                }
                catch {
                    Write-Error "Failed to send email to $email : $_"
                    # 发送失败时通知管理员
                    Send-MailMessage -Attachments $_.FullName `
                        -Body "Failed to send long file path notice to $user. Error: $_`n`nAttached are the affected files." `
                        -From $from `
                        -SmtpServer $smtpserver `
                        -Port $smtpPort `
                        -UseSsl `
                        -Credential $credential `
                        -Subject "System notice: Email delivery failed" `
                        -To $admins `
                        -ErrorAction Stop
                }
            }
            else {
                Send-MailMessage -Attachments $_.FullName `
                    -Body "Could not find email address for file owner $user. Attached are the long file paths detected." `
                    -From $from `
                    -SmtpServer $smtpserver `
                    -Port $smtpPort `
                    -UseSsl `
                    -Credential $credential `
                    -Subject "System notice: No email found for owner" `
                    -To $admins `
                    -ErrorAction Stop
                Write-Host "No email found for $user, notified admins instead"
            }
        }
        else {
            Write-Warning "Invalid report file name: $_"
        }
    }

关键修改说明 #

1. Office365 SMTP配置：添加了-Port 587和-UseSsl参数，这是Office365 SMTP的强制要求；同时加入了-Credential参数，解决系统重复提示输入的问题（第一次运行会要求输入密码，你也可以用Export-Clixml存储凭据实现自动登录）
2. UNC路径支持：把$testpath改成了UNC路径示例，你可以直接替换成目标共享路径
3. 可靠的AD用户查询：优先用Get-ADUser获取邮箱（需要安装RSAT Active Directory模块，如果没有的话会自动回退到ADSI方式），减少邮箱获取失败的概率
4. 错误处理：添加了try/catch块捕获邮件发送和用户查询的异常，避免脚本崩溃，同时把错误信息通知管理员
5. 编码优化：给Out-File加上了-Encoding utf8，避免中文文件名或路径出现乱码

注意事项 #

• 如果你要自动运行脚本，可以用Get-Credential | Export-Clixml -Path "C:\scripts\o365cred.xml"存储凭据，然后用$credential = Import-Clixml -Path "C:\scripts\o365cred.xml"加载，避免每次手动输入
• 确保运行脚本的账号有权限访问目标UNC路径，以及读取AD用户信息的权限
• Office365账号可能需要启用“允许应用使用密码登录”（如果是MFA账号，需要创建应用密码）

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user2602460