Python tkinter colorchooser保存所选颜色并应用于方格绘图单元格的实现问题

问题核心 #

• 现有color()方法仅获取了颜色选择器的返回值，未将其赋值给Grilla类的类属性，选中的颜色没有被持久存储
• Grilla类的colorCelda（填充色）、colorBorde（边框色）为全局类属性，所有单元格绘制时直接读取这两个属性的值，修改属性后后续新绘制的单元格会自动应用新颜色

修改逻辑 #

• 修正color()方法的判断逻辑：排除用户点击颜色选择器「取消」的情况，避免空值报错
• 将选中的十六进制色值赋值给Grilla对应的类属性，即可全局生效

核心修改代码 #

def color(self):
    color_result = colorchooser.askcolor()
    # 用户点击取消时返回(None, None)，直接终止逻辑
    if not color_result[1]:
        return
    selected_color = color_result[1]
    # 赋值给填充色类属性
    Grilla.colorCelda = selected_color
    # 若需要同步修改单元格边框色，可取消下方注释
    # Grilla.colorBorde = selected_color

修改完成后，选中颜色并确认后，后续点击绘制的单元格会自动使用选中的颜色填充

若需要同步更新画布上已绘制完成的填充单元格，可在上述方法末尾添加self.draw()触发全画布重绘。

完整可运行代码 #

from tkinter import *
from tkinter import colorchooser
import tkinter as tk


class Grilla:

    colorCelda = "black"
    colorDefault = "white"
    colorBorde = "black"
    bordeDefault = "black"

    def __init__(self, root, master, x, y, size):
        """ Constructor of the object called by Cell(...) """
        self.master = master
        self.abs = x
        self.ord = y
        self.size = size
        self.fill = False

    def switch(self):
        """ Switch if the cell is filled or not. """
        self.fill = not self.fill

    def reset(self):
        """ Clears the cell """
        self.fill = False

    def draw(self):
        # dibujar en el canvas
        if self.master is not None:

            outline = Grilla.colorBorde
            fill = Grilla.colorCelda

            if not self.fill:
                outline = Grilla.bordeDefault
                fill = Grilla.colorDefault

            xmin = self.abs * self.size
            xmax = xmin + self.size
            ymin = self.ord * self.size
            ymax = ymin + self.size

            self.master.create_rectangle(xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax, fill=fill, outline=outline)


class CellGrilla(Canvas):
    def __init__(self, master, numFil, numCol, tamGrid, *args, **kwargs):
        Canvas.__init__(self, master, width=tamGrid * numCol, height=tamGrid * numFil, *args, **kwargs)
        self.bind("<Button-1>", self.square_clicked)
        self.cellSize = tamGrid

        self.pen = "draw"

        self._grid = []
        for row in range(numFil):

            line = []
            for column in range(numCol):
                line.append(Grilla(master, self, column, row, tamGrid))

            self._grid.append(line)

        # memorize the cells that have been modified to avoid many switching of state during mouse motion.
        self.switched = []

        self.draw()

    def square_clicked(self, event):
        row, column = self._coordenadas(event)
        cell = self._grid[row][column]
        if self.pen == "draw":
            cell.switch()
        cell.draw()

    def draw(self):
        for row in self._grid:
            for cell in row:
                cell.draw()

    def _coordenadas(self, event):
        # `int(a / b)` is the same as `a // b`
        row = event.y // self.cellSize
        column = event.x // self.cellSize
        return row, column

    def switch_to_draw(self):
        self.pen = "draw"

    def color(self):
        color_result = colorchooser.askcolor()
        if not color_result[1]:
            return
        selected_color = color_result[1]
        Grilla.colorCelda = selected_color
        # 若需要修改边框色可取消下一行注释
        # Grilla.colorBorde = selected_color
        # 若需要同步更新已绘制的单元格可取消下一行注释
        # self.draw()

    def DDA(self):
        # DDA algorithm 
        pass
        
    def clear(self):
        for row in self._grid:
            for cell in row:
                cell.reset()
                cell.draw()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    app = Tk()

    # Tamaño de canvas x tamaño de pixeles
    grid = CellGrilla(app, 75, 75, 10)

    grid.grid(row=1, column=1, rowspan=4, sticky="news")

    colorBoton = Button(app, text="Elegir Color", command=grid.color, height=1, width=30)
    ddaBoton = Button(app, text="DDA", command=grid.DDA, height=1, width=30)
    zoomInBoton = Button(app, text="Zoom in", command=grid.switch_to_draw, height=1, width=30)
    zoomOutBoton = Button(app, text="Zoom out", command=grid.switch_to_draw, height=1, width=30)
    reset_btn = Button(app, text="Borrar", command=grid.clear, height=1, width=30)

    zoomInBoton.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky="news")
    zoomOutBoton.grid(row=2, column=2, sticky="news")
    colorBoton.grid(row=3, column=2, sticky="news")
    ddaBoton.grid(row=4, column=2, sticky="news")
    reset_btn.grid(row=5, column=2, sticky="news")

    app.mainloop()

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者Paola Vilaseca