Django 1.11添加ChartsJS视图遇ImportError：无法导入AnalyticsView

看起来你在给Django应用添加ChartJS分析视图的时候卡壳了——这个导入错误其实是个很典型的Python模块导入问题，跟循环依赖或者Settings配置没关系，咱们来一步步理清楚：

你的相关代码 #

项目URL配置 (project/app/urls.py) #

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import ( absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals )
from django.conf.urls import url
from future import standard_library
from survey.views import ConfirmView, IndexView, SurveyCompleted, SurveyDetail, AnalyticsView
from survey.views.survey_result import serve_result_csv
standard_library.install_aliases()
urlpatterns = [
    url(r'^$', IndexView.as_view(), name='survey-list'),
    url(r'^(?P<id>\d+)/', SurveyDetail.as_view(), name='survey-detail'),
    url(r'^csv/(?P<pk>\d+)/', serve_result_csv, name='survey-result'),
    url(r'^(?P<id>\d+)/completed/', SurveyCompleted.as_view(), name='survey-completed'),
    url(r'^(?P<id>\d+)-(?P<step>\d+)/', SurveyDetail.as_view(), name='survey-detail-step'),
    url(r'^confirm/(?P<uuid>\w+)/', ConfirmView.as_view(), name='survey-confirmation'),
    url(r'^analytics/$', AnalyticsView.as_view(), name='analytics-view'),
]

AnalyticsView视图文件 (project/app/views/analytics_view.py) #

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import ( absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals )
from builtins import super
from future import standard_library
from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
standard_library.install_aliases()
import arrow
class AnalyticsView(TemplateView):
    template_name = "survey/analytics.html"
    ...

Django配置相关部分 (project/settings.py) #

ROOT = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
STATIC_URL = '/bootstrap_admin/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
    os.path.normpath(os.path.join(ROOT, '..', "survey", "static")),
]

报错信息 #

Unhandled exception in thread started by <function wrapper at 0x05CBB9F0>
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\utils\autoreload.py", line 227, in wrapper
    fn(*args, **kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\commands\runserver.py", line 125, in inner_run
    self.check(display_num_errors=True)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 359, in check
    include_deployment_checks=include_deployment_checks,
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\management\base.py", line 346, in _run_checks
    return checks.run_checks(**kwargs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\registry.py", line 81, in run_checks
    new_errors = check(app_configs=app_configs)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 16, in check_url_config
    return check_resolver(resolver)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\core\checks\urls.py", line 26, in check_resolver
    return check_method()
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 254, in check
    for pattern in self.url_patterns:
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 405, in url_patterns
    patterns = getattr(self.urlconf_module, "urlpatterns", self.urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\utils\functional.py", line 35, in __get__
    res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\urls\resolvers.py", line 398, in urlconf_module
    return import_module(self.urlconf_name)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\ronaldg\Documents\csa-survey\urls.py", line 18, in <module>
    url(r'^survey/', include('survey.urls')),
  File "C:\Python27\lib\site-packages\django\conf\urls\__init__.py", line 50, in include
    urlconf_module = import_module(urlconf_module)
  File "C:\Python27\lib\importlib\__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
    __import__(name)
  File "C:\Users\ronaldg\Documents\csa-survey\survey\urls.py", line 9, in <module>
    from survey.views import ConfirmView, IndexView, SurveyCompleted, SurveyDetail, AnalyticsView
ImportError: cannot import name AnalyticsView

问题根源与解决方案 #

你踩的坑其实很简单：AnalyticsView放在了survey/views/analytics_view.py这个子模块里，但你试图直接从survey.views导入它——Python的模块规则里，只有当类定义在survey/views/__init__.py里，或者在__init__.py里显式导出该类时，才能直接从survey.views导入。

有两种简单的解决方法，选一种就行：

方法1：修改URL中的导入语句（推荐，直接直观） #

把survey/urls.py里的导入代码拆成两行，从具体的子模块导入AnalyticsView：

# 替换原来的一行导入
from survey.views import ConfirmView, IndexView, SurveyCompleted, SurveyDetail
from survey.views.analytics_view import AnalyticsView

方法2：在views目录的__init__.py中添加导出 #

如果你想保持原来的导入方式，就在survey/views/__init__.py文件里添加一行代码，把AnalyticsView注册到survey.views模块下：

from .analytics_view import AnalyticsView

额外检查点 #

• 确认analytics_view.py的文件名拼写完全正确（注意大小写，Windows系统不敏感，但Linux/macOS下是区分大小写的）
• 确认该文件确实放在survey/views目录下，没有放错位置

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user1970728