需规避使用max/min函数的Python降雨量统计代码 未匹配对应月份求解决

• 现有代码只记录了最大、最小降雨量的数值，没有同步留存该数值对应的月份信息，所以打印的时候只能输出雨量数字，没法报出具体是哪个月。
• 原代码输入环节有个容易踩坑的命名问题：把用户输入的降雨量值存进了叫month的变量，和代表月份编号的months列表语义混淆，写多了很容易出逻辑bug。

• 新增两个变量，分别存最大、最小降雨量对应的月份号，初始化的时候直接拿第一个月的数值和月份绑定作为初始值。
• 遍历雨量列表找极值的时候，只要遇到比现有极值更大/更小的雨量，就同时更新两个内容：极值的雨量值、这个值对应的月份号。
• 最后打印极值信息的时候，输出提前存好的月份号，不要直接输出雨量值。

'''this code will get rainfall amount for a given month
from the user and calculate the total and find
the largest and smallest rainfall month plus
the average rainfall.'''

#create the variables and list
months = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12]
total = 0
average = 0
amounts = []

#set up the loop to get user input
#for the rainfall amount of each
#month.
for i in range(len(months)):
    # 修正变量命名：存储用户输入的降雨量，而非月份号
    rainfall = int(input("Enter the rainfall for month " + str(months[i])+ ":"))

    while rainfall <=0:
        print("ERROR! Wrong Value! Try Again")
        rainfall = int(input("Enter the rainfall for month " + str(months[i])+ ":"))

    amounts.append(rainfall)

    #calculate the total
    total += rainfall

#calculate the average
average = total / 12

'''calculate the month with the
most and least rainfall'''
# 初始化时同时记录极值和对应月份
largest_rain = amounts[0]
largest_month = months[0]
smallest_rain = amounts[0]
smallest_month = months[0]

for i in range(1, len(amounts)):
    if amounts[i] > largest_rain:
        largest_rain = amounts[i]
        largest_month = months[i]  # 同步更新最大值对应的月份
    if amounts[i] < smallest_rain:
        smallest_rain = amounts[i]
        smallest_month = months[i]  # 同步更新最小值对应的月份

print("The total is " + str(total)+ " inches")
print("The average is " + str(average)+ " inches")
print(f"降雨量最高的月份是 {largest_month} 月，对应降雨量 {largest_rain} 英寸")
print(f"降雨量最低的月份是 {smallest_month} 月，对应降雨量 {smallest_rain} 英寸")

Enter the rainfall for month 1:4
Enter the rainfall for month 2:5
Enter the rainfall for month 3:6
Enter the rainfall for month 4:7
Enter the rainfall for month 5:8
Enter the rainfall for month 6:9
Enter the rainfall for month 7:25
Enter the rainfall for month 8:26
Enter the rainfall for month 9:11
Enter the rainfall for month 10:1
Enter the rainfall for month 11:10
Enter the rainfall for month 12:12
The total is 124 inches
The average is 10.333333333333334 inches
降雨量最高的月份是 8 月，对应降雨量 26 英寸
降雨量最低的月份是 10 月，对应降雨量 1 英寸

内容的提问来源于stack exchange，提问作者user15308753